DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Present Status on the Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program of South Korea and Its Improvement

한국의 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램 현황과 개선

  • Lee, Mi-Gyung (Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Andong National University)
  • 이미경 (국립안동대학교 식품생명공학과)
  • Received : 2019.03.26
  • Accepted : 2019.04.22
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to understand the overall status of the monitoring program for pesticide residues in foods of South Korea. Further propositions for its improvement were made, and from this study, the status on this program can be summarized as follows. In South Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is responsible for overall control of pesticide residue monitoring. Depending on the time of monitoring (sampling at distribution or production step), the government agency responsible for monitoring is different: MFDS, Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods at the distribution step, while the National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS) and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods in the production step (partially at sale and distribution steps). According to purpose of monitoring, domestic monitoring programs could be divided into two types: MFDS's "Residue Survey" and NAQS's "National Residue Survey" are conducted mainly for risk assessment purposes and various monitoring programs by the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are conducted mainly for regulation purposes. For imported foods, monitoring should be conducted at both steps of customs clearance and distribution: the MFDS and the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety are responsible for the former, and for the latter, local governments are also responsible. However, it appeared that systematic and consistent monitoring programs are not being conducted for imported foods at the distribution step. Based on the information described above and more detailed information included in this paper, the following proposals for improving the monitoring program were forwarded: i) further clarification of monitoring program purpose, ii) strengthening of the monitoring program for imported foods, iii) providing the public with monitoring results by publication of an annual report and database. It is thought that exhaustive review on the pesticide residue monitoring program and efforts for its improvement are needed in order to assure both food safety and the success of the recently begun positive list system (PLS).

이 연구는 식품 중 잔류농약에 대한 국내 모니터링 프로그램의 전반적인 현황을 이해하기 위해 수행되었으며 더 나아가 개선이 필요한 사항이 제안되었다. 이 연구로 부터 국내 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램 현황은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있었다. 국내에서는 식품의약품안전처가 잔류농약 모니터링을 총괄한다. 그리고 모니터링 시점(유통 또는 생산단계에서 시료수집)에 따라 모니터링 책임 기관이 다른데, 유통단계의 식품에 대해서는 식품의약품안전처, 지방식품의약품안전청, 지방자치단체가, 생산단계에서는 국립농산물품질관리원(NAQS)과 지방자치단체가 모니터링을 실시한다(부분적으로 판매와 유통단계에서도 실시). 국내의 모니터링 프로그램을 목적에 따라 구분하면 위해평가 모니터링(monitoring for risk assessment)으로 MFDS의 "잔류실태조사"와 NAQS의 "국가잔류조사"가 있고, 지방식품의약품안전청과 지방자치단체에서는 주로 규제 모니터링(monitoring for regulation)을 실시하고 있었다. 수입식품의 경우 통관단계(지방식품의약품안전청 책임)와 유통단계 모두에서 모니터링이 실시되어야 한다. 유통단계 수입식품 모니터링은 MFDS, 지방식품의약품안전청, 지방자치단체가 담당하고 있는 데 아직 체계적이고 지속적인 국가수준의 모니터링 프로그램이 실시되고 있지 않는 것으로 보인다. 국내 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램과 관련하여 앞에서 기술한 내용과 더 상세한 내용을 토대로 모니터링 프로그램의 개선을 위해 i) 모니터링 프로그램의 목적에 대한 명확성 제고, ii) 수입식품에 대한 모니터링 프로그램의 강화 iii) 일반국민에게 모니터링 결과의 공개(연간보고서와 데이터베이스 발간)를 제안하였다. 식품의 안전성을 확보고 시행하기 시작한 농약 허용물질목록 관리제도(positive list system, PLS)가 성공을 거두기 위해서는 잔류농약 모니터링 프로그램에 대한 철저한 검토와 개선을 위한 노력이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. FAO/WHO: Assuring Food Safety and Quality: Guidelines for strengthening national food control systems, Joint FAO/WHO publication, p. 7 (2003).
  2. Park, K.A., Lee, J.S., Jung, S.Y., Jo, S.A., Kim, N.H., Kim, Y.H., Park, H.W., Ryu, H.J., Lee, J.M., Yu, I.S., Jung, K.:Monitoring of pesticide residues in peel, fruit and pulp of tropical, citrus and pome fruits. Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Report of S.I.H.E, 51, 71-82 (2015).
  3. Cho, Y.S., Kang, J.B., Kim, Y.H., Jeong, J.A., Huh, J.W., Lee, S.H., Lim, Y.S., Bae, H.J., Kang, H.G., Lee, J.H., Jung, E.S., Lee, B.H., Park, Y.B., Lee, J.B.: A survery on pesticide residues of imported fruits circulated in Gyeonggido. Korean J. Pestic. Sci., 16, 195-201 (2012). https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2012.16.3.195
  4. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Measures to Ensure Food Safety, Available from http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy. Assessed January 15 (2019).
  5. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Enforcement of PLS from 1 January 2019. Press Release dated 27 December 2018, Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/brd. Assessed January 10 (2019).
  6. Mun, K.E.: Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products for Comparison Before and After Applying the Positive List System, Thesis, Korea University, the Republic of Korea, 63 pp. (2017).
  7. Kang, H.R., Park, Y.B., Do, Y.S., Jeong, J.A., Lee, S.B., Cho, S.H., Lee, H.K., Son, J.H., Lee, M.K., Lee, B.H., Park, J.H., Yoon, M.H.: A safety survey on pesticide residues in tropical fruits depending on implementation of positive lise system (PLS). Report of Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Health & Environment, 231-239 (2017).
  8. Kang, H.R., Park, Y.B., Do, Y.S., Jeong, J.A., Lee, S.B., Cho, S.H., Lee, H.K., Son, J.H., Lee, M.K., Lee, B.H., Park, J.H., Yoon, M.H.: A safety survey on pesticide residues in tropical fruits depending on implementation of positive list system. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 33, 310-315 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.4.310
  9. Kim, J.Y., Lee, S.M., Lee, H.J., Chang, M.I., Kang, N.S., Kim, N.S., Kim, H., Cho, Y.J., Jeong, J., Kim, M.K., Rhee, G.S.: Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues for circulated agricultural commodities in Korea-2013. J. Appl. Biol. Chem., 57: 235-242 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2014.037
  10. Kang, N.S., Kim, S.Ch., Kang, Y.J., Kim D.Y., Jang, J.W., Won, S.R., Hyun, J.H., Kim D.G., Jung, I.Y., Rhee, G.S., Shin, Y.M., Joung, D.Y., Kim S.Y., Park, J.Y., Kown, K.S., Ji, Y.A.: Monitoring and exposure assessment of pesticide residues in domestic agricultural products. Korean J. Pestic. Sci., 19: 32-40 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2015.19.1.32
  11. Kim, Y.S., Lee, G.S., Kim, P.G., KIm J.K., Song, J.Z.: Study on the Safety Control Improvement Measure through a Case Study for Major Countries, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea, pp. 33-34 (2017).
  12. Han, S.H., Park, S.K., Kim, O.H., choi, Y.H., Seoung, H.J., Lee, Y.J., Jung, J.H., Kim, Y.H., Yu, I.S., Kim, Y.K., Han, K.Y., Chae, Y.Z.: Monitoring of pesticide residues in commercial agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul, Korea. Korean J. Pestic. Sci., 16: 10-120 (2012).
  13. Park, W.H., Hwang, I.S., Kim, E.J., Cho, T.H., Hong, C.K., Lee, J.I., Choi,S.J., Kim, J.A., Lee, Y.J., Kim, M.S., Kim, G.H., Kim M.S.: Pesticide residues survey and safety evaluation for perilla leaf & lettuce on the Garak-dong agricultural & marine products market. Korean J. Pestic. Sci., 19: 151-160 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2015.19.3.151
  14. Chung, S.J., Kim, H.Y., Kim, J.H., Yeon, M.S., Cho, J.H., Lee, S.Y.: Monitoring of pesticide residues and risk assessment in some fruits on the market in Incheon, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Agric., 33, 111-120 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2014.33.2.111
  15. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: The R&D Annual Report of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (ABSTRACT), MFDS, the Republic of Korea (2011-2017).
  16. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Food Safety Management Guidelines, MFDS, the Republic of Korea (2011-2018).
  17. National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service: Annal Report of Agricultural Products Quality Management, NAQS, the Republic of Korea, pp. 17-60 (2015).
  18. Kwak, J.E., Lee,M.S., Kim, T.R., Yoon, Y.T., Choi, B.C., Jeong, H.J., Kim, N.Y., Kim, Y.N., Kwak, B.R., Kim, J.H., Shin, K.Y., Kim, M.S.: Pesticide residue monitoring and risk assessment of agricultural products collected from the southern Seoul in 2017. Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Report of S.I.H.E, 53, 66-79 (2017).
  19. Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment: Pesticide residue monitoring on commercial agricultural products, The Annual Report of Jeollanam-do Institute of Health & Environment, 29, 132 (2018).
  20. Jung, S.M., Lee, J.H., Choi, S.S., Kim, N.W., Song, N.S., Seong, S.Y.: Inspection on pesticide residues in agricultural products. The Annual Report of Chungcheongnam-do Institute of Health & Environment, 28, 95-100 (2018).
  21. Cho, J.H., Kim, M.H., Kim, C.G., Whang, K.H., Kim, J.H., Song, S.M., Kim, H.J.: Monitoring of residual pesticides in agricultrual products on the direct dealing and living cooperative association and local food market in Incheon. The Annual Report of Incheon Metropolitan city Institute of Health & Environment, 16: 66-72 (2018).
  22. Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment: Monitoring of pesticide residue for commercial agricultural products of Busan area. The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan city Institute of Health & Environment, 27: 99 (2018).
  23. Ryu, K.S., Park, P.H., Kim, K.Y., Lim, B.G., Kang, M.S., Lee, Y.J., Kang C.W., Kim, Y.H., Lee, S.Y., Seo, J.H., Park, Y.B., Yoon, M.H.: Monitoring of pesticide residues on agricultural products for raw juice in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Health and Environment, The Annual Report of Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Health & Environment, 241-251 (2017).
  24. United States Department of Agriculture: Pesticide Data Program-Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2017, USDA, Available from http://www.ams.usda.gov/pdp. Assessed December 5. (2018)
  25. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Outline of Survey on the Harmful Residue in Agricultural Products (Notification, 2017-65), MFDS, the Republic of Korea, pp. 24 (2017)
  26. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program Fiscal Year 2016 Pesticide Report, FDA, Available from http://www.fda.gov/food/. Assessed December 1 (2018).
  27. Republic of Korea: Special Act on Imported Food Safety Control, Amended by Act No. 14476, Dec. 27, 2016, the Republic of Korea (2016).
  28. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Increase of imported foods in 2015 than the last year. Press Release dated 15 January 2016, Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/brd. Assessed January 15 (2019).
  29. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: 2018 Year Book of Imported Food Inspection, MFDS, the republic of Korea, pp. 155-157 (2018)
  30. Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment: The survey on pesticide residues in commercial imported fruits of Busan area. Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan city Institute of Health & Environment, 27: 379 (2018).
  31. Kim, C.H., Lee, J.H., Ku, P.T., Hwang, S.J., Ju, K.Y., Yoo, E.C., Jin, S.H.: The survey on pesticide residues of imported agricultural products in Busan area. The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan city Institute of Health & Environment, 22: 49-56 (2012).
  32. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Survey results on the pesticide residue in foods. Available from https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/. Assessed January 15 (2019).
  33. Jeong, D.I, Kang, H.S., Hwang, M.S., Hwang, I.G., Min, S.G., Lee, H.J.: The trend of monitoring database and risk assessment systems for food chemical in national and regional levels. Safe Food, 10: 3-11 (2015).