Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recovery Success and Habitat Status of the Reintroduced Endangered Species, Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae)

재도입을 통한 멸종위기종 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae)의 복원성공과 서식현황

  • 고명훈 (고수생태연구소) ;
  • 양현 (생물다양성연구소(주)) ;
  • 방인철 (순천향대학교 생명시스템학과)
  • Received : 2019.06.12
  • Accepted : 2019.06.27
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 to determine habitat aspects of Acheilognathus signifier, an endangered species reintroduced (2010~2012) to Heukcheon Stream, a tributary of the Hangang River, Korea. A total of 329 individuals were collected in 2017 (two surveys) and 723 individuals were collected in 2018 (four surveys) at about 5 km habitat area, including the discharge station. A. signifier's habitat was about 0.4 to 1.2 meters deep in slow water flow upstream of the discharge area. It was a place with many boulders and cobbles. The spawning period was estimated from April to June in terms of spawning behavior and collected juvenile size. Sex ratio of females (438) and males (412) was 1 : 0.94. Estimated age of A. signifier based on their total length distribution during the spawning period (April) indicated that 1-, 2-, 3-year old groups and more than 4-year-old group were 32~43 mm, 50~61 mm, 62~75 mm, and 76~89 mm, respectively. Age-specific composition costs differed depending on the timing of the collection. They were relatively high in the order of first-year (juvenile)>third-year> and fourth-year or higher, showing a stable age structure. Thus, A. signifier reintroduced to Heukcheon Stream has successfully settled down and formed a stable population, showing a tendency to proliferate.

남한강 지류 흑천에 재도입(2010~2012년)된 묵납자루의 서식현황을 밝히기 위해 2017년부터 2018년까지 서식현황을 조사하였다. 조사결과 2017년(2회 조사)에는 329개체를, 2018년(4회 조사)에는 723개체를 채집하었고, 서식범위는 방류지점을 포함하여 약 5 km 구간이었다. 묵납자루의 집단서식지는 방류지역소의 상류부로 유속이 있고 수심 0.4~1.2 m이며 큰돌과 돌이 많은 곳이었다. 산란기는 산란행동 및 당년생 치어 크기로 볼 때 4월부터 6월로 추정되었으며, 성비는 암컷 438개체, 수컷 412개가 채집되어 1 : 0.94였다. 연령은 4월을 기준으로 전장 32~43 mm는 만 1년생, 50~61mm는 만 2년생, 62~75mm는 만 3년생, 76~89 mm는 만 4년생 이상으로 추정되었다. 연령별 구성비는 채집시기에 따라 차이를 보였지만 1년생(또는 당년생), 2년생, 3년생, 4년생 이상의 순으로 높게 나타나 안정적인 연령구조를 보였다. 따라서 흑천에 복원을 위해 재도입된 묵납자루는 성공적으로 정착하여 안정적인 개체군을 이루고 점점 확산되는 경향을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baek, H.M. 2005. Ecological studies on the Korean bitterling, Acheilognathus signifer (Cyprinidae) in Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 186pp.
  2. Baek, H.M. and H. Kim. 2010. The 3rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Yongmun whole area. Ministry of Environment, 4pp.
  3. Baek, H.M., H.B. Song, J.S. Sim, Y.G. Kim and O.K. Kwon. 2002. Habitat segregation and prey selectivity on cohabitation fishes, Phoxinus phoxinus and Rhynchocypris kumgangensis. Korean J. Ichthyol., 14: 121-131.
  4. CHA (Cultural Heritage Administration). 2012. Culture and restoration research of natural monument, Hemibarbus mylodon. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 48pp.
  5. Chapin, F.S., E.S. Zavaleta, V.T. Eviner, R.L. Naylor, P.M. Vitousek, H.L. Reynolds, D.U. Hooper, S. Lavorel, O.E. Sala, S.E. Hobbie, M.C. Mack and S. Diaz. 2000. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405: 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012241
  6. Choi, J.S. 2002. Ecological studies of Gobiobotia brevibarba Mori (Cyprinidae). Doctoral Thesis. Kwagwon National Univertity, 103pp.
  7. Choi, K.C., S.R. Jeon, I.S. Kim and Y.M. Son. 1990. Coloured illustrations of the freshwater fishes of Korea. Hyangmun Publishing Co. Ltd., Seoul, 277pp.
  8. Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midl. Nat'l., 67: 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  9. Han, T.J. 2007 Ichthyofauna in the Heuk stream of Gyenggi Provinc. Master Thesis, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 29pp.
  10. IUCN. 2001. IUCN Red list categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Comission. IUCN, ii+30pp.
  11. IUCN. 2011. Global re-introduction perspectives: 2011. 251pp.
  12. Jang, M.H., G.J. Joo and M.C. Lucas. 2006. Diet of introduced largemouth bass in Korean rivers and potential interactions with native fishes. Ecol. Freshw. Fish., 15: 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00161.x
  13. Kani, T. 1944. Ecology of torrent-inhabiting insects, pp. 171-317. In: Insect I (Furukawa, J., ed.). Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
  14. Kim, H.S. 2014. Spawning ecology and conservation of the Korean bittering, Acheilognathus signifer (Cyprinidae). Doctoral Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 158pp.
  15. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, Vol. 37, Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, 518pp.
  16. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007 Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul, 467pp.
  17. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005. Illustrated book of korean fishes. Kyohak publishing, Seoul, 615p.
  18. Ko, M.H. 2005. Ecological studies of Cobitis tetralineata and Iksookimia longicorpa (Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. Master Thesis. Chonbuk National University, 68pp.
  19. Ko, M.H. 2009. Reproductive mechanisms of the unisexual diploid-triploid hybrid complex between the spined loach Cobitis hankugensis and Iksookimia longicorpa (Teleostei, Cobitidae) in Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 160pp.
  20. Ko, M.H., J.Y. Park and S.H. Kim. 2009. Habitat enviornment and feeding habitat of Iksookimia koreensis and Cobitis lutheri (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Mangyeong River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 21: 253-261.
  21. Ko, M.H., Y.S. Kwan, K.L. Lee and Y.J. Won. 2017. Impact of human activities on changes of ichthyofauna in Dongjin River of Korea in the past 30 years. Anim. Cells Syst., 21: 207-2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2017.1330223
  22. Kwan, O.G., G.M. Park and J.S. Lee. 1993. Coloured Shells of Korea. Academi publishing, Seoul, 445pp.
  23. Kwater. 2007. A guidebook of rivers in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, 582pp.
  24. ME (Ministry of Environment). 1998. Natural environment conservation act (Law No. 5392).
  25. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Species conservation, restoration and development of propagation tecnique for the endangered endemic species among the freshwater fishes from Korea. Gunsan University, Gunsan, 537pp.
  26. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2006. Studies on the genetic diversity, artificial propagation and restoration of a threatened national monument Fish Hemibarbus mylodon. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 520pp.
  27. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2009a. Development of genetic diversity analysis, culture and ecosystem restoration techniques for endangered fish, Iksookimia choii. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 537pp.
  28. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2009b. Culture and restoration research of Pseudobagrus brevicorpus. Inland Culture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 75pp.
  29. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2010. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major rour river drainages. Institute of Biodiversity Research, Jeonju, 86pp.
  30. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011a. Development of culture techniques and construction of monitoring system for released seedlings of endangered fish Koreocobitis naktongensis. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 250pp.
  31. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011b. Culture and restoration research of endangered freshwater fish (four species include Liobagrus obesus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 359pp.
  32. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Culture and restoration research of endangered freshwater fishes (five species including Liobagrus obesus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 269pp.
  33. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2013. Post-monitoring of culture and restoration research of endangered Freshwater Fish. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 204pp.
  34. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2014. Monitoring of endangered freshwater fish and a study on the post-management Plan. Halla University, Wonju, 402pp.
  35. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2016. A study on the establishment of master plan of endangered freshwater fish. Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 379pp.
  36. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2017. Conservation and management laws of wildlife (amendment of enforcement regulations) (Law No. 10977).
  37. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2018. A study on conservation plan of endangered freshwater fish (Pseudobagrus brevicorpus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 204pp.
  38. MLTM (Ministry of Land & Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2010. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 489pp.
  39. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2011. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages II. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 363pp.
  40. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2012. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages III. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 423pp.
  41. Moon, W.K., J.H. Han and L.G. An. 2010. Fish fauna and community analysis in Heuck Stream watershed. Korean J. Limnol., 43: 69-81.
  42. Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 601pp.
  43. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2011. Red data book of endangered fishes in Korea. Ministry of Environment, Incheon, pp. 59-60.
  44. Park, S.C. and G.S. Hong. 2010. The 3rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Jije whole area. Ministry of Environment, 4pp.
  45. Ricker, W.E. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater. IBP hand book, 3: 112-13.
  46. Song, H.B. and J.S. Jeon. 2009a. The 3rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Sinjeom whole area. Ministry of Environment, 4pp.
  47. Song, H.B. and J.S. Jeon. 2009b. The 3rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Yangdukwon whole area. Ministry of Environment, 4pp.
  48. Song, H.B. and J.S. Jeon. 2009c. The 3rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Cheongun whole area. Ministry of Environment, 4pp.
  49. Thomas, C.D., A. Cameron, R.E. Green, M. Bakkenes, L.J. Beaumont, Y.C. Collingham, B.F.N. Erasmus, M.F. Siqueira, A. Grainger, L. Hannah, L. Hughes, B. Huntley, A.S. Jaarsveld, G.F. Midgley, L. Miles, M.A. Ortega-Huerta, A.T. Peterson, O.L. Phillips and S.E. Williams. 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427: 145-148. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02121
  50. WPOE (Wonju Provincial Office of Environment). 2017. Culture and restoration research of endangered wildlife (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis). Kangwon Univeristy, Chuncheon, 45pp.
  51. WPOE (Wonju Provincial Office of Environment). 2018. Culture and restoration research of endangered wildlife (Rhodeus pseudosericeus) (Second year). Kangwon Univeristy, Chuncheon, 45pp.
  52. Yang, H. 2004. Ecolgoy and speciation of Acheilognathus koreensis and A. somjinensis. Doctoral Thesis. Chonbuk National Univertity, 100pp.