Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association between the Use of Humidifier Disinfectants and Bronchiolitis and Allergic Rhinitis Diagnoses in Korean Children

가습기살균제 사용과 모세기관지염 및 알레르기성 비염 진단과의 관계에 관한 연구

  • Cho, Jun Ho (Department of Public Health Administration, Hanyang Women's University)
  • 조준호 (한양여자대학교 보건행정과)
  • Received : 2019.07.25
  • Accepted : 2019.08.14
  • Published : 2019.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the use of humidifier disinfectant (HD) and bronchiolitis and allergic rhinitis diagnoses in Korean children. Methods: This study used data from the $8^{th}$ panel study on Korean children in 2015. Of these 2150 cases, 1598 cases were used for the final study. Diagnoses of bronchiolitis and allergic rhinitis by medical doctors were self-reported as outcome variables. Whether children had used HDs or not, the periods of using HDs were used as independent variables. Results: A total of 77.0% had used a humidifier, and the rate of HD usage among humidifier users was found to be 35.4%. When comparing 'children who had used HDs for less than 12 months' and 'children who had used HDs for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not used HDs', the adjusted odds ratio (OR)s for 'bronchiolitis' were 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-1.40) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.71-1.89), respectively. When comparing 'children who had used HDs for less than 12 months' and 'children who had used HDs for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not used HDs', the adjusted ORs for 'allergic rhinitis' were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.42-1.46) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.37-1.49), respectively. Conclusions: The period of using HDs was statistically significantly associated with increased odds of bronchiolitis and allergic rhinitis. The results of this study will provide a very useful scientific basis for establishing the environmental health policy and using the educational data related to the use of humidifier disinfectant in the future.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Society of Environmental Health. A survey of humidifier disinfectant vitim cases. Survey report. 2012.
  2. Statistical Office. Survey on household appliance penetration and home electric heater consumption. 2014. http://meta.narastat.kr/metasvc/svc/SvcMetaDcDtaPopup.do?orgId=388&confmNo=388002&kosisYn=Y
  3. Chang MH, Park H, Ha M, Kim Y, Hong YC, Ha EH. Characteristics of Humidifier Use in Korean Pregnant Women: The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) Study. Environ Health Toxicol. 2012; 27: e2012003. doi: 10.5620/eht.2012.27.e2012003. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
  4. Jeon BH, Park YJ. Frequency of humidifier and humidifier disinfectant usage in gyeonggi provine. Environ Health Toxicol. 2012; 27: e2012002. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.2012.27.e2012002
  5. Choi YH, Ryu H, Yoon J, Lee S, Kwak JH, Han BH, et al. Demographic Characteristics and Exposure Assessment for Applicants Who Have Been Injured by Humidifier Disinfectant -Focusing on 4-1 and 4-2 Applicants-. J Environ Health Sci. 2018; 44(4): 301-314.
  6. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), Humidifier Disinfectant Health Impact Case White Paper. 2014. 12. p.26-27.
  7. Leem JH, Jong-Hyeon Lee JH. Humidifier disinfectant-associated specific diseases should be called together as "humidifier disinfectant syndrome". Environ Health Toxicol. 2017; 32(4): e2017017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2017017
  8. Park J, Lee H, Park K. Eye irritation tests of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) using a tissue model of reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium. Environ Health Toxicol. 2019; 34(2): e2019004. Published online June 24, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2019004
  9. Corsello G. Bronchiolitis: the new American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. J Chemother. 2007 Oct; 19(2): 12-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2007.11782435
  10. Schaller A, Galloway CS. Bronchiolitis in Infants and Children. S D Med. 2017 Jun; 70(6): 274-277.
  11. Kim MB, Kim JH, Lee KH, Hong SC, Lee HS, Kang JW. The association between the parenting stress of the mother and the incidence of allergic rhinitis in their children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Oct; 101: 37-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.023. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
  12. Hu SJ, Wei P, Kou W, Wu XF, Liu MY, Chen C, Yao HB. [Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis: a Meta-analysis]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Oct 5; 31(19): 1485-1491. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.19.006.
  13. PSKC. Panel Study on Korean Children sampling method. Available: http://panel.kicce.re.kr/eng/
  14. Pack, YH, Park, JE, Kim, D,Sheo, J, Choi, NY. The mediating effect of attention deficiency on the relationship between preschool children's educational electronic media usage time and first-grade children's academic ability: Multigroup analysis across gender. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education. 2019; 24(1): 451-473. https://doi.org/10.20437/KOAECE24-1-18
  15. Lee KM, Paek DM, Cheong HK, Kim SW, Seo JW, Hong YS et al. Population Size Estimates for the Use of Humidifier Disinfectants and Experience of Health Effects from Exposure to Humidifier Disinfectants. J Environ Health Sci. 2019; 45(3): 273-284.
  16. Connell DW, Yu QJ, Verma V. Influence of exposure time on toxicity-An overview. Toxicology. 2016 Apr 29; 355-356: 49-53. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 May 20.
  17. Park DU, Ryu SH, Lim HK, Kim SK, Choi YY, Ahn JJ, et al. Types of household humidifier disinfectant and associated risk of lung injury (HDLI) in South Korea. Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 15; 596-597: 53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.040. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
  18. Yoon J, Lee SY, Lee SH, Kim EM, Jung S, Cho HJ, Lee E6, et al. Exposure to Humidifier Disinfectants Increases the Risk of Asthma in Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201805-0840LE. [Epub ahead of print]
  19. Bantz SK, Zhu Z, Zheng T. The atopic march: progression from atopic dermatitis to allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2014; 5(2): 202-210.
  20. Pacheco KA, McCammon C, Liu AH, et al. Airborne endotoxin predicts symptoms in non-mousesensitized technicians and research scientists exposed to laboratory mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167(7): 983-990. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2112062
  21. Platts-Mills JA, Custis NJ, Woodfolk JA, et al. Airborne endotoxin in homes with domestic animals: implications for cat-specific tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116(2): 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.012
  22. Jaakkola MS, Quansah R, Hugg TT, et al. Association of indoor dampness and molds with rhinitis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132(5): 1099-1110.e1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.028
  23. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M, et al. The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy. Respir Med. 2001; 95(7): 606-611. https://doi.org/10.1053/rmed.2001.1112
  24. Savage JH, Matsui EC, Wood RA, et al. Urinary levels of triclosan and parabens are associated with aeroallergen and food sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130(2): 453-460. e457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.006
  25. Park EJ, Park SJ, Kim S, Lee K, Chang J.Lung fibroblasts may play an important role in clearing apoptotic bodies of bronchial epithelial cells generated by exposure to PHMG-P-containing solution. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Apr; 286: 108-119. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
  26. Manini P, De Palma G, Mutti A.Exposure assessment at the workplace: implications of biological variability. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Feb 5; 168(3): 210-218. Epub 2006 Nov 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.09.014
  27. Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute Humidifier disinfectant victim total support center. Statistics. Available at: https://www.healthrelief.or.kr/home/content/stats01/view.do