Applied Chemistry for Engineering (공업화학)

The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (한국공업화학회)
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Preparation of High Purity Ammonium Dinitramide and Its Liquid Mono-propellant

암모늄 디나이트라마이드염의 합성 및 액상연료화 연구

  • Kim, Wooram (Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Park, Mijeong (Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Sohee (Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jeon, Jong-Ki (Deparment of chemical engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jo, Youngmin (Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김우람 (경희대학교 환경응용과학과) ;
  • 박미정 (경희대학교 환경응용과학과) ;
  • 김소희 (경희대학교 환경응용과학과) ;
  • 전종기 (공주대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 조영민 (경희대학교 환경응용과학과)
  • Received : 2019.07.30
  • Accepted : 2019.08.29
  • Published : 2019.10.10
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Abstract

A recently developed propellant, ammonium dinitramide (ADN, $NH_4N(NO_2)_2$ is stable and safe at an ambient condition. However, it requires high purity for practical applications. A very little quantity of foreign impurities in ADN may cause clogging of thruster nozzles and catalyst poisoning for the use of a liquid propellant. Thus, several purification processes for precipitated ADN particles such as repetition extraction, activated carbon adsorption and low-temperature extraction were presented in this study. The purifying methods helped to improve the chemical purity as evaluated by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy in addition to ion chromatography (IC) analyses. Among the purification processes, adsorption was found to be the best, showing a final purity of 99.8% based on relative quantification by IC. Thermal analysis revealed an exothermic temperature of $148^{\circ}C$ for the synthesized liquid monopropellant, but rose to $188^{\circ}C$ when urea was added.

친환경 대체연료물질로서 ammonium dinitramide (ADN, $NH_4N(NO_2)_2$)는 상온에서 안전하고, 안정하지만 실제 적용을 위해서는 고순도가 요구된다. 소량의 불순물은 단일계 액상연료용 추력기 내 촉매의 분해반응을 억제하며, 비추력을 저하시키고, 노즐 막힘과 같은 부작용을 초래한다. 따라서 본 연구는 반복추출, 활성탄에 의한 흡착, 그리고 저온추출방법을 적용하여 합성한 ADN을 정제하였고, FT-IR, UV-Vis 및 IC 분석을 통하여 화학적인 순도를 평가하였으며, 최종 순도로서 IC 분석기준으로 99.82%를 획득하였다. 또한, ADN을 주 산화제로 활용하는 액상연료를 제조하였으며, 최소 $148^{\circ}C$에서 분해되는 단일계 추진제를 합성하였다. 그러나 상안정화를 위하여 우레아를 연료물질로 추가하였을 경우, 분해온도는 $188^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였다.

Keywords

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