Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association between semi-solid yogurt intake and periodontitis in Korean adults

  • Lee, Hyo-Jin (Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Jip (Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Park, Young-Seok (Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Ko, Jeongmin (Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Cho, Hyun-Jae (Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Seoul National University School of Dentistry)
  • Received : 2019.03.19
  • Accepted : 2019.06.10
  • Published : 2019.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontitis in Korean adults using a national database. Methods: The data analyzed in this study are a subset of the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2015 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sample size for this study was 4,727. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related variables, oral and general health status, and intake of semi-solid yogurt. Semi-solid yogurt intake (YI) was calculated by multiplying the frequency of YI over the previous week by the average intake per serving. We assessed periodontal conditions using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and defined periodontitis as a CPI score ${\geq}3$. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, and oral and general health behaviors and status. Results: The mean weekly YI among those without periodontitis ($1.03{\pm}0.06cups$) was significantly higher than among those with periodontitis ($0.77{\pm}0.08cups$) (P<0.001). Individuals who consumed more than 2 cups of yogurt per day were 76% less likely to have periodontitis than those who consumed less than 1 cup of yogurt per week after adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.60). Conclusions: We found a significant association between increased intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontal health. We therefore recommend daily consumption of semi-solid yogurt as a probiotic to improve periodontal health. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate plausible mechanisms through which probiotics impact periodontal disease, considering both periodontal pathogens and clinical periodontal parameters.

Keywords

References

  1. Lamont RJ, Hajishengallis G, Jenkinson HF. Oral microbiology and immunology. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press; 2014.
  2. Marsh P, Lewis MA, Rogers H, Williams DW, Wilson M. Marsh and martin's oral microbiology. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2016.
  3. Theilade E, Theilade J. Role of plaque in the etiology of periodontal disease and caries. Oral Sci Rev 1976;9:23-63.
  4. Pflughoeft KJ, Versalovic J. Human microbiome in health and disease. Annu Rev Pathol 2012;7:99-122. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132421
  5. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontol 2000 2005;38:135-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
  6. Kuramitsu HK, Chen W, Ikegami A. Biofilm formation by the periodontopathic bacteria Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2005;76:2047-51. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2047
  7. Rams TE, Degener JE, van Winkelhoff AJ. Antibiotic resistance in human chronic periodontitis microbiota. J Periodontol 2014;85:160-9. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2013.130142
  8. Zijnge V, van Leeuwen MB, Degener JE, Abbas F, Thurnheer T, Gmur R, et al. Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth. PLoS One 2010;5:e9321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009321
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About antibiotic use and resistance. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009.
  10. Raff A, Hunt LC. Probiotics for periodontal health: a review of the literature. J Dent Hyg 2012;86:71-81.
  11. Guarner F, Perdigon G, Corthier G, Salminen S, Koletzko B, Morelli L. Should yoghurt cultures be considered probiotic? Br J Nutr 2005;93:783-6. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051428
  12. Shimazaki Y, Shirota T, Uchida K, Yonemoto K, Kiyohara Y, Iida M, et al. Intake of dairy products and periodontal disease: the Hisayama Study. J Periodontol 2008;79:131-7. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.070202
  13. Al-Zahrani MS. Increased intake of dairy products is related to lower periodontitis prevalence. J Periodontol 2006;77:289-94. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050082
  14. Adegboye AR, Christensen LB, Holm-Pedersen P, Avlund K, Boucher BJ, Heitmann BL. Intake of dairy products in relation to periodontitis in older Danish adults. Nutrients 2012;4:1219-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4091219
  15. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey overview. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017.
  16. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363:157-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
  17. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: the 6th surveys. Cheongju: Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015.
  18. Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Infirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982;32:281-91.
  19. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997.
  20. Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Cordoba: FAO/WHO; 2001.
  21. Anusha RL, Umar D, Basheer B, Baroudi K. The magic of magic bugs in oral cavity: Probiotics. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015;6:43-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.154526
  22. Caglar E, Cildir SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand 2006;64:314-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350600801709
  23. Horz HP, Meinelt A, Houben B, Conrads G. Distribution and persistence of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the human oral cavity as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:126-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00334.x
  24. Huovinen P. Bacteriotherapy: the time has come. BMJ 2001;323:353-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7309.353
  25. Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, Saxelin M, Vaara M, Ruutu P, et al. Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1155-60. https://doi.org/10.1086/342912
  26. Meurman JH. Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:188-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00191.x
  27. Gruner D, Paris S, Schwendicke F. Probiotics for managing caries and periodontitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2016;48:16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.002
  28. Kingman A, Albandar JM. Methodological aspects of epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2002;29:11-30. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290102.x
  29. Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012;83:1449-54. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.110664
  30. Cutress TW, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int Dent J 1987;37:222-33.
  31. Van Loan M. The role of dairy foods and dietary calcium in weight management. J Am Coll Nutr 2009;28 Suppl 1:120S-129S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10719805
  32. Al-Zahrani MS, Bissada NF, Borawski EA. Diet and periodontitis. J Int Acad Periodontol 2005;7:21-6.
  33. Kim HS, Kim YY, Oh JK, Bae KH. Is yogurt intake associated with periodontitis due to calcium? PLoS One 2017;12:e0187258. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187258