Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Geological Significance of Liquefaction and Soft-sediment Deformation Structures

액상화와 연질퇴적변형구조의 지질학적 의미

  • Ghim, Yong Sik (Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Ko, Kyoungtae (Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 김용식 (한국지질자원연구원 국토지질연구본부) ;
  • 고경태 (한국지질자원연구원 국토지질연구본부)
  • Received : 2019.09.17
  • Accepted : 2019.10.10
  • Published : 2019.10.28
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Abstract

Liquefaction occurs by a temporal loss of sediment strength as a consequence of increased pore water pressure during the re-arrangement of unconsolidated, granular sediments. Liquefaction is dependent on the physical properties of the sediments and cause surface cracks, landslide, and the formation of soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS). SSDS is formed by the combined action of the driving force and deformation mechanism(liquefaction, thixotropy, and fluidization) that is triggered by endogenic or exogenic triggers. So research on the SSDS can unravel syndepositional geological events. If detailed sedimentologic analysis together with surrounding geological context suggest SSDS formed by earthquakes, the SSDS provide a clue to unravel syndepositional tectonic activities and detailed paleoseismological information(> Mw 5) including earthquakes that leave no surface expression.

액상화는 반복적인 전단력 혹은 강한 충격으로 인해 실트-모래로 구성된 미고결 퇴적층내 공극수압이 증가하여 전단강도를 상실함에 따라 미고결퇴적층이 액체처럼 거동하는 현상이다. 액상화는 미고결 퇴적층의 물리적 특성인 입도, 느슨함, 지하수위, 지층의 심도, 연령, 액상화 발달 유무 등과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 지표균열, 사태 및 연질퇴적변형 구조의 형성을 야기한다. 연질퇴적변형구조는 다양한 변형원인(trigger)에 의해 퇴적물의 전단강도가 감소함에 따라 퇴적물의 하중 등과 같은 변형동력(driving forces)이 발생하여 액상화, 요변성과 이에 수반된 유체화로 대표되는 변형기작(deformation mechanism)을 통해 형성된다. 이러한 변형구조는 퇴적작용이나 지진과 같은 지질학적 사건에 의해 발생하기 때문에 퇴적분지에서 발생하였던 지질학적 사건을 이해하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 뿐만 아니라 지진에 의하여 유발된 연질퇴적변형구조는 퇴적동시기성 구조운동을 이해할 수 있으며 지표파열을 수반하지 않는 피해 유발지진(> Mw 5.0)에 대한 고지진정보를 제공한다.

Keywords

References

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