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Study of Asiatic Black Bear(Ursus thibetanus ussuricus) Hibernation Day and Temperature Distribution

반달가슴곰 동면일과 기온 분포에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Jeong-Jin (Faculty of science education major in biology education, Jeju National Univ.) ;
  • Jung, Dae-Ho (National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Wook (National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Byun, Yoon-Seop (National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Lee, Sa-Hyun (National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Oh, Hong-Shik (Faculty of Science Education and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University)
  • 김정진 (제주대학교 과학교육학부 생물교육전공) ;
  • 정대호 (국립공원공단 생물종보전원) ;
  • 김태욱 (국립공원공단 생물종보전원) ;
  • 변윤섭 (국립공원공단 생물종보전원) ;
  • 이사현 (국립공원공단 생물종보전원 남부복원센터) ;
  • 오홍식 (제주대학교 과학교육학부, 대학원 차세대융복합과학기술협동과정)
  • Received : 2019.08.27
  • Accepted : 2019.10.17
  • Published : 2019.10.31

Abstract

Winter hibernation in wildlife is a unique physiological mechanism for survival. For Asiatic black bears (ABBs, Ursus thibetanus ussuricus), hibernation is a very important but dangerous time for the cubs to be born. This study surveyed ABBs living in Mt. Jiri To examine the relationship between the temperature during hibernation and the hibernation days. The survey found that the average start and end dates of hibernation was December 7 and April 20, respectively. The average day of hibernation for females who gave birth was $167.8{\pm}22.6$ days. The average temperature of 5 days before hibernation was $0.6{\pm}4.1^{\circ}C$, the average temperature during hibernation was $1.3{\pm}2.43^{\circ}C$, and the average temperature of five days before the end of hibernation was $12.6{\pm}3.1^{\circ}C$. The hibernation days of the females that did not give birth to cubs and the males were $120.4{\pm}25.7$ days and $113.6{\pm}25.8$ days, respectively. The average temperatures of 5 days before hibernation was $2.1{\pm}4.2^{\circ}C$ and $-1.8{\pm}3.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average temperature during hibernation was $-0.2{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$ and $-0.4{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$. The average temperatures of five days before the end of hibernation were $7.8{\pm}3.6^{\circ}C$ and $7.8{\pm}4.4^{\circ}C$. These results indicate that females giving birth to cubs have higher hibernation days and average temperatures than the females that do not give birth and the males, which is due to the process of raising cubs during hibernation. The hibernating days and mean temperature for the groups in each lifecycle did not show any difference between the groups. This study is meaningful in that it disclosed the characteristics of hibernating intrinsic behaviors of ABBs. It observed the specific hibernation period and temperature of ABBs bears inhabiting in Mt. Jiri and examined the difference by sex, female(giving birth) and life cycle group according to temperature. The results of this study can be used to prevent the conflict between ABBs and humans in winter and spring and establish the preservation management plan.

이 연구는 지리산에 서식하는 반달가슴곰의 동면일과 동면기간 동안의 기온과의 관계를 밝히기 위해 조사되었다. 조사 결과, 동면 시작일은 평균 12월 7일이었으며, 동면 해제일은 4월 20일로 나타났으며, 출산한 암컷의 동면일은 $167.8{\pm}22.6$일이었다. 동면 5일 전의 기온은 $0.6{\pm}4.1^{\circ}C$였고, 동면 기간 동안 기온은 $1.3{\pm}2.6^{\circ}C$, 동면 해제 5일 전의 기온은 $12.6{\pm}3.1^{\circ}C$이 있다. 수컷과 출산을 하지 않은 암컷의 동면일은 각각 $113.6{\pm}25.8$일, $120.4{\pm}25.7$일이었으며, 이들 그룹의 동면 5일 전의 평균 기온은 각각 $-1.8{\pm}3.9^{\circ}C$, $2.1{\pm}4.2^{\circ}C$, 동면기간의 기온은 $-0.4{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$, $-0.2{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$, 동면 해제 5일전의 기온은 $7.8{\pm}4.4^{\circ}C$, $7.8{\pm}3.6^{\circ}C$였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 새끼를 출산한 암컷은 출산을 하지 않은 암컷과 수컷에 비해 동면 일수와 기온은 높은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 동면기간 새끼를 양육하는 과정에서 발생한 것이라 판단된다. 생애주기별 그룹에 대한 동면일수와 평균기온은 각 그룹간의 평균적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통해 지리산에 서식하는 반달가슴곰의 구체적인 동면시기와 동면기간의 기온에 대해서 파악할 수 있었으며, 기온에 따른 성별, 출산한 암컷, 생애주기 그룹간의 어떠한 차이가 있는지 등 동면기 고유 행동특성이 밝혀졌다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 국제적 멸종위기종인 반달가슴곰의 겨울과 봄 시기에 인간과의 충돌방지와 보전 관리계획 수립 시 널리 활용될 것이다.

Keywords

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