Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회논문지)

Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회)
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Characterization of Secondary Exposure to Chemicals and Indoor Air Quality in Fire Station

소방서 실내공간의 화학적 유해인자 2차노출과 실내공기질 특성

  • Kim, Soo Jin (Fire Science Research Center, Seoul Metropolitan Fire Service Academy) ;
  • Ham, Seunghon (Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeon, Jeong Seok (Seoul Metropolitan Disaster and Management Headquarter) ;
  • Kim, Won (Wonjin Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health)
  • 김수진 (서울소방학교 소방과학연구센터) ;
  • 함승헌 (가천대학교 의과대학 길병원 직업환경의학과) ;
  • 전정석 (서울소방재난본부) ;
  • 김원 (원진재단부설 노동환경건강연구소)
  • Received : 2019.07.24
  • Accepted : 2019.08.21
  • Published : 2019.08.31
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Abstract

It is to assess the indoor air quality of the chemical hazardous materials exposed to the fire after firefighters returned to the fire scene. The research subject randomly selected four fire stations located in Seoul, Korea. Two fire stations were set up as control groups after the return of the firefighting activities at the actual fire scene, and two other fire stations were set up as control groups to measure the air quality of the room at normal levels regardless of the action. We conducted 24-hour monitoring for all fire accidents that occurred in Seoul Metropolitan using fire safety map computer system. Also, indoor air quality was measured immediately after homecoming if the experiment group was to be dispatched due to an accident of intermediate or larger scale. 11 hazardous substance items such as fine dust, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, PAH, VCM, acidity, asbestos, CO2, NO2, O3 were measured according to the process test method. Three of 11 types of harmful substances exceeded domestic and foreign standards, and one of them was found to be close to foreign standards. In particular, total volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide and sulfuric acids were 2.5 times, 2.2 times and 1.1 times higher than the standard. Also, for formaldehyde and sulfuric acid, it was measured higher in the control group than in the case group. This findings could be used in policies to improve indoor air quality in the fire station of the Seoul Metropolitan Government.

본 연구에서는 소방관들이 화재현장에서 복귀 후 소방청사 내에서 2차적으로 노출된 화학적 유해물질의 실내공기질을 평가하였다. 서울시에 소재한 4개 소방서를 선정하였고, 그 중 2개 소방서는 실제 화재현장에서 소방활동 종료 귀소 후에, 다른 2개 소방서는 대조군으로 설정하여 출동과 상관없이 평소 수준의 실내공기질을 측정하였다. 소방안전지도 전산시스템을 이용하여 서울시에서 발생하는 모든 화재사고에 대하여 24시간 모니터링을 실시하였고 중급규모 이상의 사고에서 실험군이 출동하게 되는 경우 귀소 후 바로 실내공기질을 측정하였다. 11개 유해물질 항목(미세먼지, 포름알데히드, 휘발성유기화합물, PAH, VCM, 산류, 석면, CO, CO2, NO2, O3)을 공정시험법에 따라 측정하였다. 유해물질 11종 중 3종이 국내·외 기준을 초과하였고 1종은 국외기준에 육박하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 총휘발성 유기화합물, 이산화탄소, 황산은 각 2.5배, 2.2배, 1.1배가 환경부 및 고용노동부 기준보다 높았다. 또한, 포름알데히드와 황산의 경우, 실험군보다 대조군에서 더 높게 측정되었다. 본 연구결과는 서울특별시 소방청사 내 실내공기질 개선 정책에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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