Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic response of dual structures comprised by Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB) and RC walls

  • Beiraghi, Hamid (Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • Received : 2019.04.19
  • Accepted : 2019.06.22
  • Published : 2019.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to reduce the residual drift of a structure in structural engineering field, a combined structural system (dual) consisting of steel buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) along with shear wall is proposed. In this paper, BRBFs are used with special reinforced concrete shear walls as combined systems. Some prototype models of the proposed combined systems as well as steel BRBF-only systems (without walls) are designed according to the code recommendations. Then, the nonlinear model of the systems is prepared using fiber elements for the reinforced concrete wall and appropriate elements for the BRBs. Seismic responses of the combined systems subjected to ground motions at maximum considered earthquake level are investigated and compared to those obtained from BRBFs. Results showed that the maximum residual inter-story drift from the combined systems is, on average, less than half of the corresponding value of the BRBFs. In this research, mean of absolute values of the maximum inter-story drift ratio demand obtained from combined systems is less than the 3% limitation, while this criterion has not been fulfilled by BRBF systems.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiken, I.D., Mahin, S.A. and Uriz, P. (2002), "Large-scale testing of buckling-restrained braced frames" Proc. Japan Passive Control Symposium, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 35-44.
  2. Ariyaratana, C.A. and Fahnestock, L.A. (2011), "Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength" Engineering Structures, 33, 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.020
  3. ACI 318 (2011), Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI Committee 318: Farmington Hills.
  4. AISC (2010), Seismic provision for structural steel buildings. American Institute of Steel Construction: Chicago.
  5. Applied Technology Council (2010), ATC-72: Modeling and Acceptance Criteria for Seismic Design and Analysis of Tall Buildings. ATC: Redwood City, CA.
  6. ASCE/SEI 7 (2010), Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. American Society of Civil Engineers: Reston, VA.
  7. ASCE/SEI 41 (2014), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings (Including Supplement # 1). American Society of Civil Engineers: Reston, VA.
  8. Abdollahzadeh, G. and Banihashemi, M. (2013), "Response modification factor of dual moment-resistant frame with buckling restrained brace (BRB)", Steel and Composite Structures, 14(6), 621-636 https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.14.6.621
  9. Akbarzadeh-Bengar, H. and Mohammadalipour Aski R. (2016), "Performance based evaluation of RC coupled shear wall system with steel coupling beam", Steel and Composite Structures, 20(2), 337-355 https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.2.337
  10. Beiraghi H, Siahpolo N. 2016. Seismic assessment of RC core-wall building capable of three plastic hinges with outrigger The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. 26(2):e1306. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1306
  11. Beiraghi H, 2017. Earthquake effects on the energy demand of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers. Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 63(4):521-536. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.4.521
  12. Beiraghi H, 2018a. Energy Dissipation of Reinforced Concrete Wall Combined with Buckling-Restrained Braces Subjected to Near- and Far-Fault Earthquakes Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 42(4): 345-359 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0109-0
  13. Beiraghi H, 2018b. Energy demands in reinforced concrete wall piers coupled by buckling restrained braces subjected to near-fault earthquake. Steel and Composite Structures. 27(6): 703-716 https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2018.27.6.703
  14. Beiraghi H, 2018c. Reinforced concrete core-walls connected by a bridge with buckling restrained braces subjected to seismic loads. Earthquakes and Structures. 15(2): 203-214 https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2018.15.2.203
  15. Beiraghi H, 2018d. Near-fault ground motion effects on the responses of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers. Scientia Iranica A 25(4), 1987-1999
  16. Bosco, M. and Marino E.M. (2013), "Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces", EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, 42, 1243-1263. DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2269.
  17. Black, C., Makris, N. and Aiken, I. (2002), "Component testing, stability analysis and characterization of buckling-restrained braces", Report No. PEER-2002/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  18. Chopra, AK. (2001), Dynamics of structures. Prentice-Hall: New Jersey.
  19. Eskandari, R. and Vafaei, D. (2015) "Effects of near-fault records characteristics on seismic performance of eccentrically braced frames," Structural Engineering and Mechanics 56(5):855-870. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.56.5.855
  20. Eskandari, R., Vafaei, D., Vafaei, J. and Shemshadian ME. (2017) "Nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete steel-braced frames," Earthquakes and Structures 12(2):191-200. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.191
  21. Erochko, J., Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R. and Choi, H. (2011), "Residual drift response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in steel buildings designed according to ASCE 7-05", Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (5), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000296
  22. FEMA P695 (2009), Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors (ATC-63 Project). Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C.
  23. Fahnestock, L. A., Ricles, J. M., and Sause, R. (2007a), "Experimental evaluation of a large-scale buckling-restrained braced frame", Journal of Structural Engineering, 133 (9), 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1205)
  24. Flogeras, A. K. and Papagiannopoulos, G. A. (2017), "On the seismic response of steel buckling-restrained braced structures including soil-structure interaction", Earthquakes and Structures, 12(4), 469-478. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.4.469
  25. Guneyisi, E. M., Ameen N. (2014), "Structural behavior of conventional and buckling restrained braced frames subjected to near-field ground motions" Earthquakes and Structures, 7(4): 553-570. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.4.553
  26. Ghodsi, T., Ruiz J.F., Massie C. and Chen Y. (2010), "Pacific earthquake engineering research/seismic safety commission tall building design case study", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 19(2), 197-256.
  27. Inoue, K., Sawaisumi, S., and Higashibata, Y. (2001), "Stiffening requirements for unbonded braces encased in concrete panels", ASCE J. Struct. Eng., 127(6), 712-719. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:6(712)
  28. Jones, P. and Zareian F. (2013), "Seismic response of a 40-storey buckling-restrained braced frame designed for the Los Angeles region", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 22(3), 291-299. DOI: 10.1002/tal.687.
  29. Judd, J., Phillips A., Eatherton M., Charney F., Marinovic I. and Hyder C. (2015), "Subassemblage testing of all-steel web-restrained braces", STESSA, Shanghai, China.
  30. Kiggins, S., and Uang, C. M. (2006), "Reducing residual drift of buckling-restrained braced frames as a dual system", Engineering Structures, 28, 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.023
  31. Leger, P. and Dussault S. (1992), "Seismic-energy dissipation in MDOF structures", Journal of Structural Engineering 118(5), 1251-1269. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:5(1251)
  32. LATBSDC (2011), An Alternative Procedure For Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region. Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council: Los Angeles.
  33. Mander, J.B., Priestley M.J.N. and Park R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  34. McCormick, J., Aburano, H., Ikenaga, M. and Nakashima, M. (2008), "Permissible residual deformation levels for building structures considering both safety and human elements", Proc. 14th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 05-06-0071, Beijing, China.
  35. NIST (2015), Seismic design of steel buckling-restrained braced frames: A guide for practicing engineers, GCR 15-917-34, NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. 11, produced by the Applied Technology Council and the Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
  36. Nguyen, A.H., Chintanapakdee C. and Hayashikawa T. (2010), "Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66(8-9), 1118-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.03.001
  37. Orakcal, K, Wallace J.W. (2006), "Flexural modeling of reinforced concrete walls-experimental verification", ACI Structural Journal 103(2), 196-206.
  38. Pan, P., Li W., Nie X. and Deng K, Sun J. (2017), "Seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame equipped with a double-stage yield buckling restrained brace", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. 26(4), e1335 https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1335
  39. Park, Y., Kim H. and Lee D. (2014), "Efficient structural analysis of wall-frame structures", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 23(10), 740-759 https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1078
  40. Paulay, T. and M. J. N. Priestley (1992), "Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings", John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  41. Palmer, K. D., Christopulos, A. S., Lehman, D. E., and Roeder, C. W. (2014), "Experimental evaluation of cyclically loaded, large-scale, planar and 3-d buckling-restrained braced frames", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 101, 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.06.008
  42. Panagiotou, M. and Restrepo J. (2009), "Dual-plastic hinge design concept for reducing higher-mode effects on high-rise cantilever wall buildings", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 38, 1359-1380. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.905
  43. PERFORM-3D (2011), Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures, V.4.0.3. Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
  44. PERFORM-3D (2006), "Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures", V.4, User Guide. Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
  45. Sahoo, DR. and Chao S. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design method for buckling-restrained braced frames", Engineering Structures, 32, 2950-2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.014
  46. Simpson, Gumpertz, & Heger, Inc. (2009), "Detailed Design Write up for BRBF building", Simpson, Gumpertz, & Heger, Inc.: San Francisco, CA.
  47. Sabelli, R. (2001), "Research on improving the design and analysis of earthquake-resistant steel braced frames", The 2000 NEHRP Professional Fellowship Report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA.
  48. Saad, G., Najjar S. S. and Saddik, F. (2016), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with underground stories" Earthquakes and Structures, 10(4):965-988. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.965
  49. Sabelli, R., Mahin, S., and Chang, C. (2003), "Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces", Engineering Structures, 25, 655-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X
  50. Teran-Gilmore, A. Ruiz-Garcia, J. (2011), "Comparative seismic performance of steel frames retrofitted with buckling-restrained braces through the application of Force-Based and Displacement-Based approaches", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 31, 478-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.11.003
  51. Tsai, K.-C., Hsiao, P.-C., Wang, K.-J., Weng, Y.-T., Lin, M.-L., Lin, K.-C., Chen, C.-H., Lai, J.-W., and Lin, S.-L. (2008), "Pseudo-dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-Part I: Specimen design, experiment and analysis", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37, 1081-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.804
  52. Thomsen, JH, Wallace JW. (2004), "Experimental verification of displacement-based design procedures for slender reinforced concrete structural walls", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 130(4), 618-630. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:4(618)
  53. Tremblay, R., Degrange G., and Blouin J. (1999), "Seismic rehabilitation of a four-storey building with a stiffened bracing system", Proceedings of the 8th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
  54. Tremblay, R., Bolduc, P., Neville, R., and DeVall, R. (2006), "Seismic testing and performance of buckling restrained bracing systems", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33, 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1139/l05-103
  55. Uriz, P., and Mahin, S. A. (2008), "Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures", PEER 2008/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  56. Vafaei, D. and Eskandari, R. (2014), "Seismic response of mega buckling-restrained braces subjected to fling-step and forward-directivity near-fault ground motions", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 24(9).
  57. Wu, A.-C., Lin, P.-C., and Tsai, K.-C. (2012), "A type of buckling restrained brace for convenient inspection and replacement", Proceedings, 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon.
  58. Wu, A.-C., Lin, P.-C., and Tsai, K.-C. (2014), "High-mode buckling responses of buckling-restrained brace core plates", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43, 375-393. Accessed August 2015, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.2349/ abstract, doi: 10.1002/eqe.2349.
  59. Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., and Fujimoto, M. (1988), "Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube," Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan.
  60. Watanabe, A. (1992), "Development of composite brace with a large ductility", Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Workshop on Composite and Hybrid Structures, Berkeley, CA, September 10-12.

Cited by

  1. Structural behavior of sandwich composite wall with truss connectors under compression vol.35, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.159
  2. Optimum location of second outrigger in RC core walls subjected to NF earthquakes vol.38, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.6.671
  3. Feasibility study of buckling-restrained braces with PM-35 steel core vol.79, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.79.2.199