The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (문화기술의 융합)

The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology (국제문화기술진흥원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Convergence between Anatomy and Fine Art through a Painting by Rembrandt

렘브란트의 작품을 통해 본 해부학과 미술의 만남

  • Jung, Won (Dept. of Science Studies, Jeonbuk National Univ)
  • 정원 (전북대학교 과학학과)
  • Received : 2019.11.21
  • Accepted : 2019.12.16
  • Published : 2020.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the late 16th century, the Theatrum Anatomicum or anatomical theatre opened in Leiden in the Netherlands. The theatre was open to a fee-paying audience of students, surgeons, and the public and soon settled down as one of the highbrow cultural activities in the city. This trend soon spread into Amsterdam, and Nicholaes Tulp appearing in Rembrandt van Rijn's was at the center of it. Human anatomy was not just an eyesore but started to get accepted as a cultural event for the civilized citizens of the time. It was with this backdrop that Rembrandt got inspired by this interesting scene of Tulp dissecting human body. Rembrandt well understood the changes of the time and captured them on canvas to attempt convergence between science and art.

16세기에 말에 들어 해부학의 중심지로 부상한 네덜란드 레이던에서는 시민들을 위한 해부학 극장이 개관되었다. 새롭게 시작된 인체 해부 활동은 의학의 발전에 기여했음은 물론이고, 시민들을 청중으로 하여 진행된 공개 해부 시연은 해부 관람이 하나의 고급문화 활동으로 자리 잡게 만들었다. 레이던에서 시작된 해부에 대한 대중의 관심은 암스테르담으로까지 퍼졌고, 17세기 네덜란드의 대표 화가 렘브란트의 작품 <튈프 박사의 해부학 강의>에서 직접 해부를 수행하고 있는 모습으로 등장하는 주인공 튈프는 그러한 변화의 중심에 위치했던 인물이었다. 튈프는 의사이자 의료 행정 개혁가로도 큰 업적을 남겼고, 그의 해부 강연은 암스테르담에서 큰 인기를 끌었다. 해부 강연에 의해 인체 해부는 징그러운 광경이 아니라 문화 시민이라면 충분히 관심을 가질만한 행위로 받아들여지게 되었고, 렘브란트가 작품의 주제로 튈프가 시체를 해부하고 있는 광경을 선택한 데에는 이러한 배경이 있었다. 렘브란트는 이러한 시민들의 생각의 변화를 읽어내고 화폭에 담아내면서 과학과 예술의 융합을 시도했던 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Francis O'Gorman, The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Culture, Cambridge University Press, 2010..
  2. Hyunil Jung, “Finding the Research Possibilities of Computer Technologies in Art Education,” International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 51-57, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17703/IJACT.2018.6.2.51
  3. John W. Shirley and F. David Hoeniger, Science and the Arts in the Renaissance, Folger Books, 1985.
  4. J. V. Field, The Invention of Infinity: Mathematics and Art in the Renaissance, Oxford University Press, 1997.
  5. Lorraine Daston eds, Things That Talk: Object Lessons from Art and Science, ZONE BOOKS, 2004.
  6. Lorraine Daston eds, Biographies of Scientific Objects, The University of Chicago Press, 2000.
  7. Paula Findlen, "Anatomy Theaters, Botanical Gardens, and Natural History Collections", Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston eds, The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. 3, Early Modern Science, Cambridge University Press, pp. 272-289, 2006.
  8. Pamela H. Smith, The Body Of The Artisan: Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution, The University of Chicago Press, 2004.
  9. Willem Frijhoff and Marijke Spies, Dutch Culture in a European Perspective, Vol. 1, 1650: Hard-Won Unity, Royal van Gorcum, 2004.
  10. Maarten Prak, The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  11. Cheon-Young Kim, "A Study on the Cultural Contents Planning Model", The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, Vol. 4, No.1, pp. 75-84, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2018.4.1.75
  12. Carmen Niekrasz and Claudia Swan, "Art", Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston eds, The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. 3, Early Modern Science, Cambridge University Press, pp. 773-796, 2006.
  13. Lorraine Daston, "Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective", Mario Biagioli eds, The Science Studies Reader, Routledge, pp. 110-123, 1999.
  14. Harold J. Cook, "Time's Bodies: Crafting the Preparation and Preservation of Naturalia", Pamela H. Smith & Paula Findlen ed., Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe, Routledge, pp. 182-200, 2002.
  15. Harold J. Cook, Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age, Yale University Press, 2007.
  16. Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age, VINTAGE BOOKS, 1997.