Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of energy correction algorithm for signals of PET in heavy-ion cancer therapy device

  • Niu, Xiaoyang (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Yan, Junwei (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Wang, Xiaohui (Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Yang, Haibo (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Ke, Lingyun (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Chen, Jinda (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Du, Chengming (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Zhang, Xiuling (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Zhao, Chengxin (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Kong, Jie (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Su, Hong (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Received : 2018.12.06
  • Accepted : 2019.07.08
  • Published : 2020.01.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to solve the contradiction between requirements of high sampling rate for acquiring accurate energy information of pulses and large amount of data to be processed timely, the method with an algorithm to correct errors caused by reducing the sampling rate is normally used in front-end read-out system, which is conductive to extract accurate energy information from digitized waveform of pulse. The functions and effects of algorithms, which mainly include polynomial fitting with different fitting times, double exponential function fitting under different sampling modes, and integral area algorithm, are analyzed and evaluated, and some meaningful results is presented in this paper. The algorithm described in the paper has been used preliminarily in a prototype system of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for heavy-ion cancer therapy facility.

Keywords

References

  1. T. Jones, D.W. Townsend, History and future technical innovation in positron emission tomography, J. Med. Imaging 4 (1) (2017) 011013, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.011013.
  2. C.J. Borkowski, M.K. Kopp, Some applications and properties of one- and two-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counters, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 17 (1970) 340-349, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1970.4325710.
  3. D. Stratos, G. Maria, F. Eleftherios, et al., Comparison of three resistor network division circuits for the readout of $4{\times}4$ pixel SiPM arrays, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 702 (2013) 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.08.006.
  4. T. Kato, J. Kataoka, T. Nakamori, et al., A novel gamma-ray detector with submillimeter resolutions using a monolithic MPPC array with pixelized Ce:LYSO and Ce:GGAG crystals, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 699 (2013) 235-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.008.
  5. C. Zhao, Y. Qi, L. Shi, et al., Design and implementation of simplified readout circuits for multi-anode position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes[J], Nucl. Phys. Rev. 27 (1) (2010) 63-67.
  6. E. Downie, X. Yang, H. Peng, Investigation of analog charge multiplexing schemes for SiPM based PET block detectors, Phys. Med. Biol. 58 (2013) 3943-3964, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3943.
  7. C. Nichol, E.E. Kim, Molecular imaging and gene therapy, J. Nucl. Med. 42 (2001) 1368-1374.
  8. J.W. Young, J.C. Moyers, M. Lenox, FPGA based front-end electronics for a high resolution PET scanner, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 47 (2000) 1676-1680, https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1999.845809.
  9. C. Bousselham, Bohm, Sampling pulses for optimal timing, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 54 (2007) 320-326, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2007.892692.
  10. X. Wang, Q.G. Xie, Y.B. Chen, et al., Investigation of digitally sampling scintillation pulses in energy determination in PET, in: Paper Presented at the 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference, Beijing, China, 10-15 May, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2009.5321929.
  11. M. Nakhostin, Y. Kikuchi, K. Ishii, et al., Development of a digital front-end electronics for the CdTe PET systems, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 614 (2) (2010) 308-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.059
  12. R. Fontaine, J.B. Michaud, F. Belanger, et al., Design of a dual-modality digital positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanner for small animal imaging, in: Paper Presented at the Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Cancun, Mexico, 17-21 September, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2003.1279936.
  13. Q.Y. Wei, S. Wang, T.P. Xu, et al., Development of an MR-compatible DOI-PET detector module, EJNMMI Phys. 2 (S1) (2015) A4, https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-7364-2-S1-A4.
  14. A.L. Goertzen, G. Stortz, J.D. Thiessen, et al., First results from a high-resolution small animal SiPM PET insert for PET/MR imaging at 7T, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 63 (2016) 2424-2433, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2016.2576963.
  15. L. Bardelli, M. Bini, G. Poggi, et al., Application of digital sampling techniques to particle identification in scintillation detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 491 (1-2) (2002) 244-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01273-1.
  16. P.C.P.S. Simoes, J.C. Martins, C.M.B.A. Correia, A new digital signal processing technique for applications in nuclear spectroscopy, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 43 (3) (1996) 1804-1809, https://doi.org/10.1109/23.507226.
  17. G. Palshikar, Simple algorithms for peak detection in time-series[C], in: Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Advanced Data Analysis, Business Analytics and Intelligence, 2009, pp. 1-13.
  18. D. Xi, C.M. Kao, W. Liu, FPGA-only MVT digitizer for TOF PET, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 60 (2013) 3253-3261, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2013.2277855.
  19. D.M. Xi, C. Zeng, W. Liu, et al., A PET detector module using FPGA-only MVT digitizers, in: Paper Presented at Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), Seoul, South Korea, 27 October-2 November, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829063.
  20. H. Kim, C.M. Kao, Q. Xie, et al., A multi-threshold sampling method for TOF-PET signal processing, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 602 (2009) 618-621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.100.

Cited by

  1. Prototype design of readout electronics for In-Beam TOF-PET of Heavy-Ion Cancer Therapy Device vol.959, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.163492