DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Behaviors of nitrogen, iron and sulfur compounds in contaminated marine sediment

  • Khirul, Md Akhte (Department of Ocean System Engineering, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cho, Daechul (Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kwon, Sung-Hyun (Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Marine Science, Engineering Research Institute (ERI), Gyeongsang National University)
  • 투고 : 2018.10.15
  • 심사 : 2019.04.22
  • 발행 : 2020.06.30

초록

The marine sediment sustains from the anoxic condition due to increased nutrients of external sources. The nutrients are liberated from the sediment, which acts as an internal source. In hypoxic environments, anaerobic respiration results in the formation of several reduced matters, such as N2 and NH4+, N2O, Fe2+, H2S, etc. The experimental results have shown that nitrogen and sulfur played an influential, notable role in this biogeochemical cycle with expected chemical reductions and a 'diffusive' release of present nutrient components trapped in pore water inside sediment toward the bulk water. Nitate/ammonium, sulfate/sulfides, and ferrous/ferric irons are found to be the key players in these sediment-waters mutual interactions. Organonitrogen and nitrate in the sediment were likely to be converted to a form of ammonium. Reductive nitrogen is called dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and denitrification. The steady accumulation in the sediment and surplus increases in the overlying waters of ammonium strongly support this hypothesis as well as a diffusive action of the involved chemical species. Sulfate would serve as an essential electron acceptor so as to form acid volatile sulfides in present of Fe3+, which ended up as the Fe2+ positively with an aid of the residential microbial community.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Broggiato A, Arnaud-Haond S, Chiarolla C, Greiber T. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction: Bridging the gaps between science and policy. Mar. Policy 2014;49:176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.02.012
  2. Ferrol-Schulte D, Gorris P, Baitoningsih W, Adhuri DS, Ferse SCA. Coastal livelihood vulnerability to marine resource degradation: A review of the Indonesian national coastal and marine policy framework. Mar. Policy 2015;52:163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.026
  3. MOF. Study on the total pollution loads management system in Masan Bay, a special management area and terrestrial pollution source management. Seoul: Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; 2013.
  4. Zhang Z, Lo IMC, Zheng G, Woon KS, Rao P. Effect of autotrophic denitrification on nitrate migration in sulfide-rich marine sediments. J. Soil. Sedi. 2015;15:1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1078-6
  5. Wu FC, Qing HR, Wan GJ. Regeneration of N, P, and Si near the sediment/water interface of lakes from southwestern China plateau. Water Res. 2001;35:1334-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00380-8
  6. Wu FC, Qing HR, Wan GJ, Tang DG, Huang RG, Cai YR. Geochemistry of $HCO_3$ at the sediment-water interface of lakes from the southwestern Chinese plateau. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1997;99:381-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406878
  7. Bashkin V, Park S, Choi M, Lee C. Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region. Biogeochemistry 2002;57:387-403. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015767506197
  8. Lim H-S, Diaz RJ, Hong J-S, Schaffner LC. Hypoxia and benthic community recovery in Korean coastal waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2006;52:1517-1526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.013
  9. Capriulo GM, Smith G, Troy R, Wikfors G, Pellet J, Yarish C. The planktonic food web structure of a temperate zone estuary, and its alteration due to eutrophication. Hydrobiologia 2002;475-476:263-333. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020387325081
  10. Schramm W, Lotze H, Schories D. Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in inshore waters of the German Baltic coasts: The Schlei Fjord, a case study. In: Rijstenbil JW, Kamermans P, Nienhuis PH, eds. EUMAC Synthesis Report and Proceedings of the second EUMAC Workshop, Sete, France; 1996. p.18-73.
  11. Schumacher J, Dolch T, Reise K. Transitions in sandflat biota since the 1930s: Effects of sea-level rise, eutrophication and biological globalization in the tidal bay Konigshafen, northern Wadden Sea. Helgoland Mar. Res. 2014;68:289-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-014-0389-0
  12. Haque N, Kwon SH. Nutrients dynamics study of overlying water affected by peroxide-treated sediment. J. Ecol. Environ. 2017;41:32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-017-0046-z
  13. Liu B, Wang WL, Han RM, et al. Dynamics of dissolved oxygen and the affecting factors in sediment of polluted urban rivers under aeration treatment. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2016;227:172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2869-0
  14. Havens KE, Fukushima T, Xie P, et al. Nutrient dynamics and the eutrophication of shallow lakes Kasumigaura (Japan), Donghu (PR China), and Okeechobee (USA). Environ. Pollut. 2001;111:263-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00074-9
  15. Li B, Zhang K, Zhong BC, Wang DZ. An experimental study on release of pollutants from sediment under hydrodynamic conditions. Chinese J. Hydrodyn. 2008;23:126-133.
  16. Ignatieva NV. Nutrient exchange across the sediment-water interface in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Boreal Environ. Res. 1999;4:295-305.
  17. Liikanen A, Martikainen PJ. Effect of ammonium and oxygen on methane and nitrous oxide fluxes across sediment-water interface in a eutrophic lake. Chemosphere 2003;52:1287-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00224-8
  18. Rickard D, Morse JW. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS). Mar. Chem. 2005;97:141-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.004
  19. Wu H, Huo Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, He P. Bioremediation efficiency of the largest scale artificial Porphyra yezoensis cultivation in the open sea in China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2015;95:289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.028
  20. libert PM, Burkholder JM. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: ''Strategies'' for nutrient uptake and growth outside the Redfield comfort zone. Chinese J. Oceanol. Limnol. 2011;29: 724-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0502-z
  21. Nagasoe S, Shikata T, Yamasaki Y, et al. Effects of nutrients on growth of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee and a possible link to blooms of this species. Hydrobiologia 2010;651:225-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0301-0
  22. Carpenter SR, Caraco NF, Correll DL, Howarth RW, Sharpley AN, Smith VH. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol. Applic. 1998;8:559-568. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2
  23. Arega F, Lee JHW. Diffusional mass transfer at sediment-water interface of cylindrical sediment oxygen demand chamber. J. Environ. Eng. 2005;131:755-766. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:5(755)
  24. Hou D, He J, Lü C, Sun Y, Zhang F, Otgonbayar K. Effects of environmental factors on nutrients release at sediment-water interface and assessment of trophic status for a typical shallow lake, Northwest China. Sci. World J. 2013;3:716342.
  25. Ministry of land, transport and maritime affairs. Standard method for the examination of sea water and sediment. Sejong: Ministry of land, transport and maritime affairs: South Korea; 2010.
  26. Stookey LL. Ferrozine-A new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Anal. Chem. 1970;42:779-781. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60289a016
  27. Viollier E, Inglett PW, Hunter K, Roychoudhury AN, Van Cappellen P. The ferrozine method revisited: Fe(II)/Fe(III) determination in natural waters. Appl. Geochem. 2000;15:785-790. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00097-9
  28. Hieltjes AH, Lijklema L. Fractionation of inorganic phosphates in calcareous sediments. J. Environ. Qual. 1980;9:405-407. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900030015x
  29. Kwon SH, Cho D, Jiang S. Chemical and biological analysis of bay sediment where magnesium oxide compounds are applied. Environ. Eng. Res. 2014;19:101-105. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2014.19.1.101
  30. Canfield DE, Thamdrup B, Hansen JW. The anaerobic degradation of organic matter in Danish coastal sediments: Iron reduction, manganese reduction, and sulfate reduction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993;57:3867-3883. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90340-3
  31. Xiang S-L, Zhou W-B. Phosphorus forms and distribution in the sediments of Poyang Lake, China. Int. J. Sediment Res. 2011;26:230-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(11)60089-9
  32. Wu Q, Zhang R, Huang S, Zhang H. Effects of bacteria on nitrogen and phosphorus release from river sediment. J. Environ. Sci. 2008;20:404-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62071-9
  33. Koike I, Sorensen J. Nitrate reduction and denitrification in marine sediments. In: Blackburn TH, Sorensen J, eds. Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 1988.
  34. Christensen PB, Rysgaard S, Sloth NP, Dalsgaard T, Schwaerter S. Sediment mineralization, nutrient fluxes, denitrification and DNRA in an estuarine fjord with sea cage trout farms. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 2000;21:73-84. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame021073
  35. Tiedje JM. Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. In: Zehnder AJB, ed. Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 1988. p. 179-244.
  36. Bostrom B, Andersen JM, Fleischer S, Jansson M. Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment water interface. Hydrobiologia 1988;170:229-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024907
  37. Jorgensen KS. Annual pattern of denitrification and nitrate ammonification in estuarine sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1989;55:1841-1847. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.55.7.1841-1847.1989
  38. Clavero V, Izquierdo JJ, Palomo L, Fernandez JA, Niell FX. Water management and climate changes increases the phosphorus accumulation in the small shallow estuary of the Palmones River (Southern Spain). Sci. Total Environ. 1999;228:193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00045-5
  39. Gao JQ, Xiong ZT, Zhang JD, Zhang WH, Mba FC. Phosphorus removal from water of eutrophic Lake Donghu by five submerged macrophytes. Desalination 2009;242:193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.006

피인용 문헌

  1. Distribution of Vital, Environmental Components and Nutrients Migration Over Sedimentary Water Layers vol.30, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2021.30.3.195