International journal of advanced smart convergence

The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (한국인터넷방송통신학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Gender Difference on the Functional Asymmetry during Preferred Walking Speed

  • Hyun, Seunghyun (Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University) ;
  • Ryew, Checheong (Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2020.03.25
  • Accepted : 2020.04.03
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We have not identified on what gender difference during gait at a pace of one's preferred velocity effects on the function of bilateral lower limb. This study was undertaken to investigate a difference of gait strategy by gender during gait at a one's preferred velocity of participants of adult male and female (n=20). Cinematographic data for motion analysis, ground reaction force (GRF) variables, and muscle volume of lower limb were analyzed. Significant difference of variables on movement of center of mass whole body, joint angle and moment of lower limb, and ground reaction force were tested by 2-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05). Male group showed more muscle volume than female, and both showed more volume in dominant leg than non-dominant. Main effect by bilateral leg during gait showed higher difference in right than left leg in change of vertical position of center of mass (maximal, minimal). Main effect by gender in vertical change of position and velocity of center of mass showed higher difference in male than female (maximal, minimal). Hip joint showed more flexed and extended angle in male than female, and also dorsiflexion of ankle and flexion moment of knee and hip joint showed higher in male than female group. Therefore, this result was assumed that dominant showed furthermore more contribution for propulsive function than non-dominant leg. Gender difference showed in strategy controlling of biomechanical characteristics, and perhaps influenced by muscle volume.

Keywords

References

  1. H. Sadeghi, P. Allard, F. Prince, and H. Labelle, "Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review," Gait & posture, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 34-45, 2000. DOI; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(00)00070-9.
  2. M. K. Seeley, B. R. Umberger, and R. Shapiro, "A test of the functional asymmetry hypothesis in walking," Gait & posture, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 24-28, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.09.006.
  3. F. P. Carpes, C. B. Mota, and I. E. Faria, "On the bilateral asymmetry during running and cycling-A review considering leg preference," Physical therapy in sport, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 136-142, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.005.
  4. D. J. Serrien, R. B. Ivry, and S. P. Swinnen, "Dynamics of hemispheric specialization and integration in the context of motor control," Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 160, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1849.
  5. P. Allard, R. Lachance, R. Aissaoui, and M. Duhaime, "Simultaneous bilateral 3-D able-bodied gait," Human Movement Science, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 327-346, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(96)00004-8.
  6. W. Herzog, B. M. Nigg, L. J. Read, and E. Olsson, "Asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns in normal human gait," Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 110-114, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198902000-00020.
  7. D. C. Kerrigan, M. K. Todd, and U. C. Della, "Gender differences in joint biomechanics during walking: normative study in young adults," American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 2-7, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199801000-00002.
  8. R. Richard et al., "Spatiotemporal gait parameters measured using the Bessou gait analyzer in 79 healthy subjects. Influence of age, stature, and gender. Study Group on Disabilities due to Musculoskeletal Disorders (Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap de l'Appareil Locomoteur, GRHAL)," Revue du rhumatisme (English ed.), vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 105-114, 1995.
  9. I. Bautmans, B. Jansen, B. Van Keymolen, and T. Mets, "Reliability and clinical correlates of 3D-accelerometry based gait analysis outcomes according to age and fall-risk," Gait & posture, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 366-372, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.003.
  10. M. G. Benedetti, L. Berti, S. Maselli, G. Mariani, and S. Giannini, "How do the elderly negotiate a step? A biomechanical assessment," Clinical biomechanics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 567-573, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.01.010.
  11. A. Stacoff, C. Diezi, G. Luder, E. Stussi, and I. A. Kramers-de Quervain, "Ground reaction forces on stairs: effects of stair inclination and age," Gait & posture, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 24-38, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2003.11.003.
  12. C.-C. Ryew, A.-R. Lee, and S.-H. Hyun, "Effect of muscle mass asymmetric between upper and lower limbs on the postural stability and shock attenuation during landing," Journal of exercise rehabilitation, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 488, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938188.094.
  13. H. K. Lee and J. C. Lee, "Comparison of Triceps Surae EMG in Plantar Flexion Test of MMT at Different Knee Angles," International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 40-47, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7236/IJIBC.2018.10.1.6.
  14. K. H. Kim, B. K. Kim, and H. J. Jeong, "Effect of Functional Pressure Garments on EMG Response of the Agonist during the Resistance Exercise of the Wrist and Elbow Joint," International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 81-89, 2020. DOI; https://doi.org/10.7236/IJIBC.2020.12.1.81.
  15. J. Vanden-Abeele, "Comments on the functional asymmetries of the lower extremities," Cortex, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 325-329, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(80)80069-4.
  16. D. A. Bruening, R. E. Frimenko, C. D. Goodyear, D. R. Bowden, and A. M. Fullenkamp, "Sex differences in whole body gait kinematics at preferred speeds," Gait & posture, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 540-545, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.12.011.
  17. K. A. McKean, S. C. Landry, C. L. Hubley-Kozey, M. J. Dunbar, W. D. Stanish, and K. J. Deluzio, "Gender differences exist in osteoarthritic gait," Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 400-409, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.11.006.
  18. C. C. Prodromos, Y. Han, J. Rogowski, B. Joyce, and K. Shi, "A meta-analysis of the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears as a function of gender, sport, and a knee injury-reduction regimen," Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1320-1325. e6, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2007.07.003.
  19. R. J. Negrete, E. A. Schick, and J. P. Cooper, "Lower-limb dominance as a possible etiologic factor in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament tears," Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 270, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200702000-00048.
  20. R. B. Fillingim, C. D. King, M. C. Ribeiro-Dasilva, B. Rahim-Williams, and J. L. Riley III, "Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings," The journal of pain, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 447-485, 2009. DOI; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001.
  21. C. Mazza, M. Iosa, P. Picerno, and A. Cappozzo, "Gender differences in the control of the upper body accelerations during level walking," Gait & posture, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 300-303, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.09.013.
  22. A. Cappozzo, "Low frequency self-generated vibration during ambulation in normal men," Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 599-609, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(82)90071-9.
  23. D. A. Winter, "Human balance and posture control during standing and walking," Gait & posture, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 193-214, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9.
  24. C. Gabbard and S. Shart, "A Question of Foot Dominance," The Journal of General Psychology vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 289-296, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1996.9921281.
  25. W.-H. Lin, Y.-F. Liu, C. C.-C. Hsieh, and A. J. Lee, "Ankle eversion to inversion strength ratio and static balance control in the dominant and non-dominant limbs of young adults," Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 42-49, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.001.
  26. E.-S. Sung and J.-H. Kim, "Relationship between ankle range of motion and Biodex Balance System in females and males," Journal of exercise rehabilitation, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 133, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.35146.573.
  27. S.-H. Cho, S.-H. Kim, and S.-Y. Park, "Effect of the body mass index and sexual difference on the muscle activity during trunk exercise: a preliminary study," Journal of exercise rehabilitation, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 778, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836330.165.
  28. K. Lanshammar and E. L. Ribom, "Differences in muscle strength in dominant and non-dominant leg in females aged 20-39 years-A population-based study," Physical Therapy in Sport, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 76-79, 2011.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.10.004.
  29. Y. Jian, D. A. Winter, M. G. Ishac, and L. Gilchrist, "Trajectory of the body COG and COP during initiation and termination of gait," Gait & Posture, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-22, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(93)90038-3.
  30. G. Abbud, K. Li, and R. DeMont, "Attentional requirements of walking according to the gait phase and onset of auditory stimuli," Gait & posture, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 227-232, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.05.013.
  31. M. Q. Liu, F. C. Anderson, M. G. Pandy, and S. L. Delp, "Muscles that support the body also modulate forward progression during walking," Journal of biomechanics, vol. 39, no. 14, pp. 2623-2630, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.08.017.
  32. T. M. Kepple, K. L. Siegel, and S. J. Stanhope, "Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait," Gait & Posture, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(96)01094-6.
  33. R. R. Neptune, F. Zajac, and S. Kautz, "Muscle force redistributes segmental power for body progression during walking," Gait & posture, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 194-205, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00062-6.
  34. D. Sutherland, L. Cooper, and D. Daniel, "The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking," JBJS, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 354-363, 1980. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198062030-00005
  35. M.-J. Chung and M.-J. J. Wang, "The change of gait parameters during walking at different percentage of preferred walking speed for healthy adults aged 20-60 years," Gait & posture, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 131-135, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.09.013.
  36. M.-C. Chiu and M.-J. Wang, "The effect of gait speed and gender on perceived exertion, muscle activity, joint motion of lower extremity, ground reaction force and heart rate during normal walking," Gait & posture, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 385-392, 2007. DOI; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.05.008.
  37. M. W. Creaby, K. L. Bennell, and M. A. Hunt, "Gait differs between unilateral and bilateral knee osteoarthritis," Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 822-827, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.029.
  38. B. Stansfield, S. Hillman, M. Hazlewood, and J. Robb, "Regression analysis of gait parameters with speed in normal children walking at self-selected speeds," Gait & posture, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 288-294, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.03.005.
  39. A. Van Hamme, A. El Habachi, W. Samson, R. Dumas, L. Cheze, and B. Dohin, "Gait parameters database for young children: The influences of age and walking speed," Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 572-577, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.027.
  40. J. L. Lelas, G. J. Merriman, P. O. Riley, and D. C. Kerrigan, "Predicting peak kinematic and kinetic parameters from gait speed," Gait & posture, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 106-112, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00060-7.
  41. L. Alcock, N. Vanicek, and T. O'Brien, "Alterations in gait speed and age do not fully explain the changes in gait mechanics associated with healthy older women," Gait & posture, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 586-592, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.023.