Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Origin and Storage of Large Woody Debris in a Third-order Mountain Stream Network, Gangwon-do, Korea

강원도 산지계류 내 유목의 기원과 현존량

  • Kim, Suk Woo (Div. of Forest Science, Kangwon National Univ.) ;
  • Chun, Kun Woo (Div. of Forest Science, Kangwon National Univ.) ;
  • Seo, Jung Il (Dept. of Forest Resources, Kongju National Univ.) ;
  • Lim, Young Hyup (Inst. of Forest Science, Kangwon National Univ.) ;
  • Nam, Sooyoun (Inst. of Forest Science, Kangwon National Univ.) ;
  • Jang, Su Jin (Inst. of Forest Science, Kangwon National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Yong Suk (Research Planning and Coordination Div., National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Jae Uk (Dept. of Forest Environment System, Kangwon National Univ.)
  • 김석우 (강원대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 전근우 (강원대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 서정일 (공주대학교 산림자원학과) ;
  • 임영협 (강원대학교 산림과학연구소) ;
  • 남수연 (강원대학교 산림과학연구소) ;
  • 장수진 (강원대학교 산림과학연구소) ;
  • 김용석 (국립산림과학원 연구기획과) ;
  • 이재욱 (강원대학교 대학원 산림환경시스템학과)
  • Received : 2020.04.21
  • Accepted : 2020.05.26
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

This study aims to provide reference material for effective forest management techniques at the catchment scale, based on the field investigation of large woody debris (LWD) in 11 streams within a third-order forest catchment in Gangwon Province, Korea. To achieve this aim, we analyzed the morphological features of LWD pieces, and the storage and distribution status of LWD by stream order throughout the entire investigation. As a result, a total of 1,207 individual pieces of LWD were categorized into three types as follows: (ⅰ) 1,142 pieces (95%) as only trunk and 65 pieces (5%) as a trunk with root wad, (ⅱ) 1,015 pieces (84%) as non-thinned and 192 pieces (16%) as the thinned, and (ⅲ) 1,050 pieces (87%) as conifer and 157 pieces (13%) as broadleaf. Additionally, in-stream LWD loads (㎥/ha) decreased with increasing stream order, yielding 105.4, 71.3, and 35.6 for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. On the other hand, the ratio of LWD jams to the total LWD volume increased with increasing stream order, yielding 11%, 43%, and 49% for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the in-stream LWD load with previous studies in several countries around the world indicated that in-stream LWD load was positively correlated with forest stand age even though the climate, topography, forest soil type, forest composition, stand growth rate, disturbance regime, and forest management practices were different. These results could contribute to understanding the significance of LWD as a by-product of forest ecosystems and an indicator of riparian forest disturbance. Based on this, we conclude that advanced forest management techniques, including treatment of thinning slash and stand density control of riparian forest by site location (hillslope and riparian zone, or stream order), should be established in the future, taking the forest ecosystem and the aquatic environment from headwater streams to low land rivers into consideration.

이 연구는 강원도 산림유역 내 수계(총 11개 계류)를 대상으로 유목의 전수조사를 실시하고, 유목의 발생기원 추적과 함께 하천차수별 현존량과 분포형태를 분석하여 효과적인 산림유역관리기술의 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 총 1,207개 유목의 개체목 형태를 3가지 유형으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, (1) 수간만 있는 것 1,142개(95%) 및 수간과 근주가 함께 있는 것 65개(5%), (2) 자연목 1,015개(84%) 및 벌채목 192개(16%), (3) 침엽수 1,050개(87%) 및 활엽수 157개(13%)로 나타났다. 유목의 현존량(㎥/ha)은 1차수 105.4, 2차수 71.3 및 3차수 35.6으로 하류로 갈수록 점차 감소하였다. 반면 유목의 총량에 대한 유목군의 비율은 1차수 11%, 2차수 43% 및 3차수 49%로 하류로 갈수록 증가하였다. 이 연구에서 조사된 유목의 현존량을 해외의 선행연구와 비교하면, 비록 각 국가·지역별로 기후·지형·산림토양·임분의 구조와 생장량·산림의 교란정도와 관리상태가 다르지만, 유목의 현존량은 임령과 정의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 유목을 산림생태계의 산물이자 산지수변림 교란의 지표로서 인식할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이를 토대로 앞으로는 산림유역의 생태계뿐만 아니라 하류의 수계환경까지 고려하여 숲가꾸기 산물의 처리나 수변지역의 임분밀도관리 등을 포함한 산림관리기술이 정립되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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