DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Relevance of Mobile Phone Interference with Electroretinography in Healthy Dogs: Experimental Study

  • Jung, Sunjun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Dongbin (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jury (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Minsu (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Heo, Suyoung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Namsoo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2020.03.02
  • 심사 : 2020.05.11
  • 발행 : 2020.06.30

초록

This study aimed to confirm the effects that the mobile phone has on Electroretinogram (ERG). The ERG responses of three groups of healthy dogs, five in each group, were studied. ERG test was performed consecutively before and after the mobile phone was carried out. For group A, music was played with the sound on; for group B, music was played but the sound off; and for group C, the phone was set on the airplane mode. In the presence of a mobile phone, the amplitudes of a- and b-wave were increased in all groups. The a- and b-wave amplitudes at the flash intensity of 3,000 mcd·s/㎡ were significantly increased in all groups (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended to conduct ERG test in the absence of a mobile phone for the accurate evaluation of the retinal function.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Arredondo G, Feggeler J, Smith J. Advanced mobile phone service: Voice and data transmission. Bell Labs Tech J 1979; 58: 97-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1979.tb02212.x
  2. Baranchuk A, Kang J, Shaw C, Campbell D, Ribas S, Hopman WM, Alanazi H, Redfearn DP, Simpson CS. Electromagnetic interference of communication devices on ECG machines. Clin Cardiol 2009; 32: 588-592. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.20459
  3. Drazek M, Lew M, Lew S, Pomianowski A. Electroretinography in dogs: a review. Vet Med-Czech 2014; 59: 11. https://doi.org/10.17221/7242-VETMED
  4. Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ. In: Veterinary ophthalmology, 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons. 2013: 684-698.
  5. Irlenbusch L, Bartsch B, Cooper J, Herget I, Marx B, Raczek J, Thoss F. Influence of a 902.4 MHz GSM signal on the human visual system: investigation of the discrimination threshold. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28: 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20344
  6. Lawrentschuk N, Bolton DM. Mobile phone interference with medical equipment and its clinical relevance: a systematic review. Medical J of Australia 2004; 181: 145-149. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06205.x
  7. Lin S-L, Shiu W-C, Liu P-C, Cheng F-P, Lin Y-C, Wang W-S. The effects of different anesthetic agents on short electroretinography protocol in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71: 763-768. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.71.763
  8. Liu X, Shen H, Shi Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Ji A. The microarray study on the stress gene transcription profile in human retina pigment epithelial cells exposed to microwave radiation. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002; 36: 291-294. https://doi.org/10.3760/j:issn:0253-9624.2002.05.001
  9. McCulloch DL, Marmor MF, Brigell MG, Hamilton R, Holder GE, Tzekov R, Bach M. ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update). Doc Ophthalmol 2015; 130: 1-12.
  10. Mentzer AE, Eifler DM, Montiani-Ferreira F, Tuntivanich N, Forcier JQ, Petersen-Jones SM. Influence of recording electrode type and reference electrode position on the canine electroretinogram. Doc Ophthalmol 2005; 111: 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-005-4517-7
  11. Nedev V, Simeonova G. The normal electroretinogram in adult healthy Bulgarian hound dogs. Rev Med Vet-toulouse 2017; 168: 102-107.
  12. Newman EA. Current source-density analysis of the b-wave of frog retina. J Neurophysiol 1980; 43: 1355-1366. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1980.43.5.1355
  13. Newman EA, Odette LL. Model of electroretinogram b-wave generation: a test of the K+ hypothesis. J Neurophysiol 1984; 51: 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.164
  14. Ofri R. Clinical electrophysiology in veterinary ophthalmology-the past, present and future. Doc Ophthalmol 2002; 104: 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014463514302
  15. Parry HB, Tansley K, Thomson L. Electroretinogram during development of hereditary retinal degeneration in the dog. Brit J Ophthalmol 1955; 39: 349. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.39.6.349
  16. Pologea-Moraru R, Kovacs E, Iliescu KR, Calota V, Sajin G. The effects of low level microwaves on the fluidity of photoreceptor cell membrane. Bioelectrochemistry 2002; 56: 223-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(02)00037-3
  17. Radi HA, Rasmussen JO. Superposition of Sound Waves. In: Principles of Physics. Berlin: Springer. 2013: 531-560.
  18. Ropstad E, Narfstrom K. The obvious and the more hidden components of the electroretinogram. Eur J Companion Anim Pract 2007; 17: 290-296.
  19. Saini P, Arora M, Gupta G, Gupta BK, Singh VN, Choudhary V. High permittivity polyaniline-barium titanate nanocomposites with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding response. Nanoscale 2013; 5: 4330-4336. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00634d
  20. Schaeppi U, Liverani F. Procedures for routine clinical electroretinography (ERG) in dogs. Agents Actions 1977; 7: 347-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01969567
  21. Schmid G, Sauter C, Stepansky R, Lobentanz IS, Zeitlhofer J. No influence on selected parameters of human visual perception of 1970MHz UMTS-like exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 26: 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20076
  22. Van Der Togt R, van Lieshout EJ, Hensbroek R, Beinat E, Binnekade JM, Bakker P. Electromagnetic interference from radio frequency identification inducing potentially hazardous incidents in critical care medical equipment. Jama 2008; 299: 2884-2890. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.24.2884
  23. Wei A, Yang X, Wang Y, He G, Zhou Z, Zhang G, Yu Z. The injury effects of microwave exposure on visual performance and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2012; 30: 172-177. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2012.03.004
  24. Yanase J, Ogawa H, Ohtsuka H. Rod and cone components in the dog electroretinogram during and after dark adaptation. J Vet Med Sci 1995; 57: 877-881. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.57.877