Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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A comparative study on ammonia emission inventory in livestock manure compost application through a foreign case study

국내외 가축분뇨 퇴액비 이용 분야 암모니아 배출량 인벤토리 비교 연구

  • Kim, Min-Suk (O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Koo, Namin (National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Gyu (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 김민석 (고려대학교 오정에코리질리언스연구원) ;
  • 구남인 (국립산림과학원 산림육성복원연구과) ;
  • 김정규 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부)
  • Received : 2019.12.30
  • Accepted : 2020.02.17
  • Published : 2020.03.31
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Abstract

In Korea, more than 70% of the ammonia(NH3) released into the atmosphere is known to originate from livestock manure. The total emission (kg year-1) is calculated by multiplying the emission factor (kg head-1 yr-1) and the activity data (head). To improve the accuracy and reliability of the NH3 emission estimation process, an accurate account of livestock manure production, calculation of NH3 conversion and generation during the composting and liquefaction of manure, estimation of NH3 generation in the storage and transportation of manure and compost, and a comparative study of NH3 emission during the soil spreading process must be performed. Compared to the US and EU-28, in particular, the domestic emission factor is relatively even and the spatial/temporal scale is not broken down sufficiently to reflect the domestic situation. As a way to improve the accuracy and expertise of estimating NH3 emission factors, a 'dynamic chamber-capture system' can be utilized, which allows complex considerations of compost, liquid manure, soil, and climate characteristics. By reviewing and comparing the data related to domestic and foreign NH3 emission, we identified shortcomings in the current domestic system and the directions to be taken and suggested a chamber system that could estimate NH3 emission flux. It is also necessary to establish a methodology for mesocosm systems in the field, in addition to indoor chamber systems, to be linked with practical policies, such as the calculation of new emission factors for missing sources.

국내 발생 암모니아 중 가축분뇨의 기여율이 높은 것은 자명한 사실이다. 암모니아 배출량 산정 과정의 정확도와 신뢰도 향상을 위해서는, 가축분뇨 발생량의 정확한 집계, 가축분뇨의 퇴비화 및 액비화 과정에서 단계별 암모니아 전환량과 발생량 산출, 퇴액비의 저장 및 운송과정에서의 암모니아 발생량 산정 그리고 토양 살포 과정과 방법에 따른 암모니아 발생량 비교 연구가 반드시 수행되어야 할 것이다. 미국과 유럽과 비교해 볼 때, 특히 국내 배출계수가 상대적으로 매우 획일적이고 시공간적으로 세분화되지 못해 국내 실정을 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 암모니아 배출계수 산정의 정확도와 전문성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 방안으로, 퇴액비의 특성, 토양의 특성 그리고 기후 특성의 복합적인 고려가 가능한 챔버시스템을 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 국내외 암모니아 배출과 관련한 자료의 검토와 비교를 통해 현재 국내 시스템의 부족한 점과 나아가야할 방향을 확인할 수 있었으며, 암모니아 배출유량 산정이 가능한 챔버 시스템을 제언하였다. 향후 누락배출원의 신규 배출계수 산정과 같은 실질적인 정책과의 연계를 위해서는 실내의 챔버 시스템에서 더 나아가 현장에서의 mesocosom 시스템의 방법론 구축 또한 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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