DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Convergence Vision Therapy on Symptoms and Visual Perception in Children with ADHD tendency

융복합적 비전테라피가 ADHD 경향 아동의 증상과 시지각에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Hyung-Chel (Division of Medical, Graduate School, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ro, Hyo-Lyun (Division of Physical-therapy, Kangwon National University)
  • 조형철 (강원대학교 대학원 의학과) ;
  • 노효련 (강원대학교 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2020.06.12
  • Accepted : 2020.07.20
  • Published : 2020.07.28

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vision therapy improves symptom and visual perceptual skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tendency who have visual problems. The subjects of this study were 10 children. Before and after vision therapy, the visual function test, developmental test of visual-motor integration, test of visual perceptual skills, and ADHD rating scale test were performed. Vision therapy was conducted twice a week for a period of 6 months to 1 year. After vision therapy, all subjects achieved normal ranges of visual function, sensory fusion, stereoacuity, vergence function, and convergence. The visual function and visual perceptual skill were improved and the score for ADHD symptoms was reduced. Therefore, it seems that vision therapy can be used to improve the symptoms and visual perception of children with ADHD.

본 연구는 비전테라피가 시각 문제를 가지고 있는 ADHD 경향 아동의 증상과 시지각 기술을 향상시키는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 ADHD 경향이 있는 아동 중 시각적인 문제를 가지고 있는 아동 10명이다. 비전테라피 전·후로 시각 기능 검사, 시지각 운동협응 검사, 시지각 기술 검사, ADHD 평가척도 검사를 실시하였다. 비전테라피는 주 2회, 6개월~1년 동안 실시되었다. 비전테라피 후에 대상자 모두 시각기능의 시력, 입체시, 버전스 범위, 폭주 근점에서 정상 범위에 도달했으며, 시각 기능과 시지각 기술이 향상되었고 ADHD 증상에 대한 점수가 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 비전테라피가 ADHD 경향을 가진 아동들의 증상과 시지각을 개선하고 시각문제를 해결하는데 활용될 수 있는 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. S. E. Palmer. (1999). Vision science: Photons to phenomenology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  2. E. B. Goldstein. (2002). Sensation & Perception (6th ed.), Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
  3. C. R. Fox. (1990). Some visual influences on human postural equilibrium: Binocular versus monocular fixation. Perception and Psychophysics, 47, 409-422. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208174
  4. C. M. Schneck & S. J. Amundson. (2010). Prewriting and handwriting skills. In J. Case-Smith & J. C. O'Brien (eds.), Occupational Therapy for Children (6th ed., pp 555-580). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
  5. K. J. Ciuffreda. (2002). The scientific basis for and efficacy of optometric vision therapy in nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence disorders. Optometry, 73(12), 735-762.
  6. S. W. Lee & H. M. Lee. (2015). Effect of visual perception by vision therapy for improvement of visual function. Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society, 20(4), 491-499. https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2015.20.4.491
  7. L. A. Kurtz. (2006). Visual perception Problems in Children with AD/HD, Autism and Other Learning Disabilities, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  8. J. Y. Kim & S. H. Y. (2020). A Study on Mediation Plans on ADHD Reading Comprehension and Reading Fluency. Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science, 59(1), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.23944/Jsers.2020.03.59.1.6
  9. C. Klein, B. Fischer Jr, B. Fischer & K. Hartnegg. (2002). Effects methylphenidate on saccadic responses in patients with ADHD. Experimental Brain Research, 145(1), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-002-1105-x
  10. J. Y. Hong. (2017). Effects of Small Group Art Therapy on Development of College Students with ADHD. Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science, 56(4), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.23944/jsers.2017.12.56.4.5
  11. S. A. Kim & E. K. Kim. (2018). A Literature Review of Reading Intervention for ADHD. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 18(23), 157-186. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2018.18.23.157
  12. Y. J. Park & E. J. Kim. (2019). Effects of Therapeutic Interventions for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration, 17(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.18064/JKASI.2019.17.1.043
  13. R. Farrar, M. Call, & W. C. Maples. (2001). A comparison of the visual symptoms between ADD/ADHD and normal children. Optometry, 72(7), 441-451.
  14. D. B. Granet, C. F. Gomi, R. Ventura & A. Miller-Scholte. (2005). The relationship between convergence insufficiency and ADHD. Strabismus, 13(4), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273970500455436
  15. E. Borsting, M. Rouse & R. Chu. (2005). Measuring ADHD behaviors in children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or convergence insufficiency: a preliminary study. Optometry, 76(10), 588-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2005.07.007
  16. S. Kim, S. Chen & R. Tannock. (2014). Visual function and color vision in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Optometry, 7(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2013.07.001
  17. P. Harris. (2002). Learning related visual problems in Baltimore city: a long-term program. Journal of Optometric Vision Development, 33, 75-115.
  18. K. J. Ciuffreda, D. Rutner, N. Kapoor, I. B. Suchoff, S. Craig, & M. E. Han. (2008). Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry, 79(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2007.10.004
  19. G. T. Peachey, B. Optom &, P. M. Peachey. (2015). Optometric vision therapy for visual deficits and dysfunctions: A suggested model for evidence-based practice. Vision Develpoment & Rehabilitation, 1(4), 290-336.
  20. M. B. Kim. (2017). Correlations between the reading accuracy, speed, and linguistic ability in elementary 3rd and 4th graders. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 19(2), 957-970. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.2.957
  21. R. P. Rutstein & K. M. Daum. (1997). Anomalies of Binocular vision: Diagnosis & Management, (1st ed., pp 61-67). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.
  22. J. R. Griffin & J. D. Grisham. (2002). Binocular Anomailes: Diagonosis and vision therapy, (4th ed., pp. 70-90). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  23. M. Scheiman & B. Wick. (2002). Clinical management of Binocular vision: Heterophoria, Accommodation, and Eye movement Disorders. (2nd ed., pp 7-10). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  24. G. J. DuPaul, T. J. Power, A. D. Anastopoulos & R. Reid. (1998). ADHD rating scale-IV: Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  25. F. G. Morrison. (1992). Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor) Tvps-R 30, Belford, Northumberland: Ann Arbor Publishers.
  26. J. M. Kim & S. J. Song. (2007). Analysis of Korean children's visual-perceptual development using TVSR-R. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 23(4), 241-262.
  27. B. Pfeiffer B. Moskowitz, A. Paoletti, E. Brusilovskiy, S. l.. Zylstra & T. Murray. (2015). Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI): An Effective Outcome Measure for Handwriting Interventions for Kindergarten, First-Grade, and Second-Grade Students? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(4), 1-7.
  28. J. C. A. Read. (2015). Stereo vision and strabismus. Eye, 29(2), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2014.279
  29. A. R. Fielder & M. J. Moseley. (1996). Does stereopsis matter in human? Eye, 10, 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1996.51
  30. M. Hayhoe, B. Gillam, K. Chajka & E. Vecellio. (2009). The role of binocular vision in walking. Visual Neuroscience, 26(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523808080838
  31. A. R. O'Connor, E. E. Birch, S. Anderson & H. Draper H. (2010). The functional significance of stereopsis. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 51(4), 2019-2023. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4434
  32. J. H. Jung. (2008). The effects of discrimination training of color, shape and size with a 9-year boy with developmental disability, Master's thesis. Daejin University, Pocheon.
  33. K. E. Beery. (1982). Administration, scoring, and teaching manual for the developmental test of visual-motor integration, Westchester, IL: Follett Pub. Co.
  34. H. Mati-Zissi & M. Zafiropoulou. (2001). Drawing performances in prediction of special learning difficulties of kindergarten children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 1154-1166. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.92.3.1154-1166
  35. M. J. Huh & C. H. Park. (2018). Variables affecting reading learning in nulticultural family children. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 20(3), 1491-1501. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2018.20.3.1491
  36. D. K. DeCarlo, M. Swanson, G. McGwin, K. Visscher & C. Owsley. (2016). ADHD and vision problems in the national survey of children's health. Optometry and Vision Science, 93(5), 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000823
  37. S. Rhiu, S. A. Chung, Y. H. Chang & J. B. Lee. (2009). Attention deficit hyperactivity in exotropia before and after strabismus surgery. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society, 50(5), 756-761. https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.5.756
  38. D. K. DeCarlo, E. Bowman, C. Monroe, R. Kline, G. McGwin Jr. & C. Owsley. (2014). Prevalence of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children with vision impairment. Journal of AAPOS, 18(1), 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.10.013
  39. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.)Edition (DSM 5). Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
  40. J. Y. Lee, W. S. Choi, S. H. Eun, B. L. Eun, Y. S. Hong & J. W. Lee. (2008). Use of herbal medicine in epileptic children, Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 51(4), 935-943. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.935
  41. K. A. Lane. (2005). Developing Ocular Motor and Visual Perceptual Skills: An Activity Workbook, Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated.
  42. C. Barnhardt, S. A. Cotter, G. L. Mitchell, M. Scheiman, M. T. Kulp & CITT Study Group. (2012). Symptoms in children with convergence insufficiency: before and after treatment. Optometry and Vision Science, 89(10), 1512-1520. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e318269c8f9
  43. M. H. Yang, D. H. Lee & B. Y. Jeong. (2018). Examination of the factor structure models of ADHD symptoms in Korean early adolescence using self, parent and teacher report. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 20(3), 1473-1490. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2018.20.3.1473
  44. S. Myoung & L. J. Kim. (2017). Effect of young child- and child care teacher-level factors on young child's disturbance and instability perceived by child care teacher: A multilevel model. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 19(2), 945-956. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.2.945