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A Study of Improving Combustion Stability with Sonic Wave Radiation

음파를 이용한 연소 안정성 개선에 관한 연구

  • Min, Sun-ki (Division of Automotive Engineering, Ajou Motor College)
  • 민선기 (아주자동차대학 자동차계열)
  • Received : 2020.05.28
  • Accepted : 2020.08.07
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas engines causes severe air pollution. NOx is produced under high-temperature combustion conditions. EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) is normally used to reduce the combustion temperature and NOx production. As the EGR ratio increases, the NOx level becomes low. On the other hand, an excessively high EGR ratio makes the combustion unstable resulting in other air pollution problems, such as unburned hydrocarbon and higher CO levels. In this study, the improvement of fuel droplets moving by the radiation of sonic waves was studied for the stable combustion using analytic and experimental methods. For the analytical study, the effects of the radiation of a sonic wave on the fuel droplet velocity were studied using Fluent software. The results showed that the small droplet velocity increased more under high-frequency sonic wave conditions, and the large droplet velocity increased more under low-frequency sonic wave conditions. For the experimental study, the combustion chamber was made to measure the combustion pressure under the sonic wave effect. The measured pressure was used to calculate the heat release rate in the combustion chamber. With the heat release rate data, the heat release rate increased during the initial combustion process under low-frequency sonic wave conditions.

자동차에서 배출되는 배기가스 중 질소산화물은 요사이 문제가 되는 미세먼지의 주요 요인 중 하나이다. 질소산화물(NOx)은 고온 조건에서 연소가 진행될 때 발생하므로 연소시 온도를 낮추는 방법으로 발생을 억제하고 있다. 자동차에서는 일반적으로 배기가스 재순환(EGR)을 사용하여 연소 온도를 낮추는 방법으로 감소시킨다. 그러나 EGR 비율이 높아질수록 NOx의 양은 저감되나 연소 안정성의 하락으로 인한 불완전연소 가능성의 증가로 일산화탄소와 미연탄화수소의 양이 증가하여 오히려 오염물질이 증가하는 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 여기에서는 연료 입자에 음파를 조사하여 연료 입자의 운동성을 향상시켜 연소가 원활히 진행되게 하여 연소의 안정성을 향상시키는 방안에 대하여 해석적 및 실험적 방법으로 연구하였다. 해석적 방법으로는 유동해석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 연료 입자에 다양한 주파수의 음파를 조사하여 연료 입자의 움직임 변화에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 해석 결과, 작은 연료 입자의 조건에서는 고주파의 음파에 의해 영향을 많이 받고, 연료 입자가 큰 조건에서는 저주파의 음파에 의해 영향을 많이 받아 운동성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 실험적 방법으로는 연소실을 구성하여 정해진 당량비 조건에서 연소시키며 다양한 주파수의 음파를 조사하며 연소실내 압력을 측정하는 연구를 진행하였다. 측정된 압력으로부터 열방출량을 계산하면 연소의 진행 상황에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있는데, 실험 결과 초기 연소시 상대적 저주파 조사 조건에서 열방출량이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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