Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Using Design of Mixture Experiments to Select the Ratio of a Three-Component Electrode for Optimal Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals

혼합물 실험계획법을 이용한 OH라디칼 최적 생성을 위한 삼성분 전극의 비율 선정

  • Received : 2020.04.13
  • Accepted : 2020.06.10
  • Published : 2020.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The conventional development of multi-component electrodes is based on the researcher's experience and is based on trial and error. Therefore, there is a need for a scientific method to reduce the time and economic losses thereof and systematize the mixing of electrode components. In this study, we use design of mixture experiments (DOME)- in particular a simplex lattice design with Design ExpertⓇ program- to attempt to find an optimum mixing ratio for a three-component electrode for the high RNO degradation; RNO is an indictor of OH radical formation. The experiment included 12 experimental points with 2 center replicates for 3 different independent variables (with the molar ratio of Ru, Ti, Ir). As the Prob > F value of the 'Quadratic' model is 0.0026, the secondary model was found to be suitable. Applying the molar ratio of the electrode components to the corrected response model results is an RNO removal efficiency (%) = 59.89 × [Ru] + 9.78 × [Ti] + 67.03 × [Ir] + 66.38 × [Ru] × [Ir] + 132.86 × [Ti] × [Ir]. The R2 value of the equation is 0.9374 after the error term is excluded. The optimized formulation of the ternary electrode for an high RNO degradation was acquired when the molar ratio of Ru 0.100, Ti 0.200, Ir 0.700 (desirability d value, 1).

Keywords

References

  1. Design-$Expert^{(R)}$ Software, 2007, Version 7.1 User's guide, 1-30.
  2. Enache, T. A., Chiorcea-Paquim, A. M., Fatibello-Filho, O., Oliveira-Brett, A. M., 2009, Hydroxyl radicals electrochemically generated in situ on a boron-doped diamond electrode, Electro. Commun., 11, 1342-1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.017
  3. Karacali, A., Munoz-Morales, M., Kalkan, S., Korbahti, B. K., Saez, C., Canizares, P., Rodrigo, M. A., 2019, A Comparison of the electrolysis of soil washing wastes with active and non-active electrodes, Chemosphere, 225, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.175
  4. Kim, D. S., Park, Y. S., 2009a, A Study on the preparation of the Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) with high generation rate of oxidants(1), J. Environ. Sci., 18, 49-60.
  5. Kim, D. S., Park, Y. S., 2009b, A Study on the preparation of the Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) with high generation rate of oxidants(2), J. Environ. Sci., 18, 61-72.
  6. Kim, K. W., Lee, E. H., Kim, J. S., Shin, K. H., Jung, B. I., 2002, Study on the material and organic destruction characteristics of high temperature-sintered catalytic oxide electrode, Appl. Chem. Eng., 13, 285-290.
  7. Kim, K. W., Shin, K. H., 2001, Method for manufacturing active oxide electrode for water treatment, Korea Patent, 10-0025377.
  8. Kim, S. J., Park, J. I., 2005, An Optimum design of secondary battery using design of experiments with mixture, IE Interfaces, 18, 402-411.
  9. Krstic, V., Pesovski, B., 2019, Reviews the research on some Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA) based on titanium, Hydrometallurgy, 185, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.01.018
  10. Lee, K. H., 2005, Composite oxide electrode using rare earth metal and its manufacturing method, Korea Patent, 10-0523591.
  11. Lee, S. H., 2008, Engineers statistical data analysis using Minitab, 1st ed., Iretech., Kyunggido, 779-801.
  12. Li, M., Feng, C., Hu, W., Zhang, Z., Sugiura, N., 2009, Electrochemical degradation of phenol using electrodes of $Ti/RuO_2-Pt$ and $Ti/IrO_2-Pt$, J. Hazard. Mat., 162, 455-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.063
  13. Lim, Y. B., Park, S. H., Ahn, B. J., Kim, Y. I., 2008, 1st ed., Practical experimental design-desigh expert 7 & Minitap application, Free Academy, Kyunggido, 385-395.
  14. Park, S. H., Kim, J. U., 2011, Modern design of experiments using MINITAB, 2nd ed., Min-Young Sa, Seoul, 480-491.
  15. Park, Y. S., 2016, Selection of optimum ratio of 3 components(Ir-Sn-Sb) electrode using design of mixture experiments, J. Environ. Sci., 25, 737-744.
  16. Park, Y. S., Lee, K. S., Park, Y. S., Kim, D. S., 2014, Discussion of optimal component ratio of Ir-Sn-Sb electrode by experimental design method of mixture, Proceedings of the Kor. Environ. Sci. Soc. Conf., 23, 383-385.
  17. Saylora, G. L., Zhao, C., Kupferlea, M. J., 2018, Synergistic enhancement of oxidative degradation of atrazine using combined electrolysis and ozonation, J. Wat. Proc. Eng., 21, 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.12.010
  18. Vincent, E., Morallon, E., Quijada, C., Vazaquez, J. L., 1998, Characterization and stability of doped $SnO_2$ anode, J. Appl. Electrochem., 28, 607-612. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003250118996
  19. Yoo, Y. E., Kim, D. S., 2011, Comparison of dye removal performance and oxidants formation of insoluble electrode, J. Environ. Sci., 20, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1001-0742.2008.03.004