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Effectiveness of Controling Micro Climate by the Pine (Pinus Densiflora) Forests of the Temple in Southeast Area of Korea

영남권 사찰림일대 소나무장령림의 미기후 조절 효과 연구

  • Hong, Suk-Hwan (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National Univ.) ;
  • An, Mi-Yeon (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Pusan National Univ.) ;
  • Kang, Rae-Yeol (Office of Green City, Junam Reservoir Division) ;
  • Choi, Song-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National Univ.)
  • 홍석환 (부산대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 안미연 (부산대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 강래열 (창원시 푸른도시사업소 주남저수지과) ;
  • 최송현 (부산대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2020.03.16
  • Accepted : 2020.07.09
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

This study aimed to examine was conducted to the ability of microclimate control in old pine forests by surveying pine forest in Buddhist temples, where the pine forest are stably growing through active protection in the Gyeongnam region, and comparing variation characteristics of microclimate characteristics (temperature and humidity) and distribution of vegetation type. The study sites were pine forests protected well by Buddhist temples (Haein-sa, Beomeo-sa, Tongdo-sa, and Bulguk-sa) in the southeast region of Korea and thus known for stably growing young pine trees. According to the vegetation distribution status analysis, these pine forests did not have a high ratio of pine trees. Except for Tongdo-sa, the ratio of deciduous forest and mixed (deciduous and pine trees) forest had a much larger presence than that of pine forest. Measured data of microclimate showed that the Tongdo-sa area had significantly different characteristics compared to the other three areas. Tongdo-sa area showed a significantly higher diurnal range of temperatures and humidity than the other three areas, in both spring and summer. It is due to the difference in vegetation management. The forests around Tongdo-sa are mostly pine forests, except for the developed areas, while those in the other three areas have a dominant ratio of deciduous brad-leaved forests. Intensive control of pine forest is not effective in mitigating microclimate, i.e., temperature and air humidity. Stress caused by rising temperatures and decreasing air humidity is blamed for the decline of pine forests. Thus, the current active management of pine forests, such as the Tongdo-sa case, has been found to have a greater negative impact on the temperature and humidity stress. Therefore, we believe that a new change in forest management is necessary to increase the effect of mitigating the microclimate of pine forests.

본 연구는 경남지역 내 소나무 장령림이 안정적으로 생육하고 있는 사찰 소나무림을 대상으로 온도 및 습도의 미기상 변화 특성과 식생분포특성을 비교하여 소나무장령림의 미기후 조절정도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구는 국내에서 소나무 장령림의 안정적 생육지로 알려진 합천 해인사, 부산 범어사, 양산 통도사 및 경주 불국사 일대 소나무림을 대상으로 하였다. 식생분포 현황 분석결과 이들 소나무림은 알려진 바와는 달리 소나무림의 면적비율이 월등히 높지는 않았는데, 통도사 주변을 제외하면 소나무림보다 낙엽활엽수림 및 혼효림의 우점비율이 훨씬 높게 나타나고 있었다. 미기상데이터 측정 결과 통도사는 다른 세 지역과는 달리 미기후 특성이 크게 차이가 있었는데, 다른 세 지역의 경우 온도 및 습도의 일교차가 상대적으로 적은 반면 통도사는 일교차가 크게 나타나는 현상을 보였다. 이는 통도사 주변 숲이 개발지를 제외하면 대부분 소나무림인 반면, 다른 세 지역은 낙엽활엽수림의 우점비율이 높은데 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 소나무림의 적극적 관리는 온도상승과 공중습도의 감소에 효과적이지 않은 만큼 현재 양산 통도사 주변 소나무림과 같이 소나무 단순림으로의 적극적인 관리는 오히려 온도와 습도 스트레스 측면에서 부정적 영향이 더욱 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 소나무림의 미기후 완화 효과 증대를 위해서는 숲 관리의 새로운 전환이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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