Korean Journal of Veterinary Research (대한수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in native calves with enteropathogenic diarrhea

  • Kang, Seongwoo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Jinho (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Choi, Kyoung-Seong (College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Kwang-Man (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Jin-Hee (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Jung, Dong-In (College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yu, Dohyeon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2020.04.23
  • Accepted : 2020.07.10
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Diarrhea is the most common cause of death in calves, and remains a major health challenge. Although there are many studies on the related pathogens, the understanding of the clinicopathological changes is limited. This study aimed to identify the pathogens and observe the clinicopathological changes in electrolytes and acute phase proteins (APPs) associated with diarrhea. Blood samples and fecal samples were collected from 141 calves for the determination of APPs, electrolyte and acid-base status and identification of enteropathogens, respectively. Single or co-infections with enteropathogens, including virus (bovine viral diarrhea virus, coronavirus, and rotavirus), Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, and Escherichia coli K99 were detected in both non-diarrheic and diarrheic calves. Levels of APPs such as serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and fibrinogen were comparable between diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves. Hypoglycemia, high blood urea, electrolytes and acid-base imbalance (hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and decreased bicarbonate), and strong ion difference (SID) acidosis showed a significant association in diarrheic calves (p < 0.01). Particularly, significant hyponatremia, bicarbonate loss, SID acidosis, hypoglycemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen were found in rotavirus-infected calves. Monitoring the clinicopathological parameters of APPs and electrolyte levels could be vital in the clinical management of diarrheic calves.

Keywords

References

  1. Foster DM, Smith GW. Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2009;25:13-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013
  2. Argenzio RA. Pathophysiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1985;1:461-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)31296-2
  3. Groutides CP, Michell AR. Changes in plasma composition in calves surviving or dying from diarrhoea. Br Vet J 1990;146:205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1935(11)80003-5
  4. Berchtold J. Intravenous fluid therapy of calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1999;15:505-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30161-4
  5. Constable PD. A simplified strong ion model for acid-base equilibria: application to horse plasma. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997;83:297-311. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.297
  6. Baumann H, Gauldie J. The acute phase response. Immunol Today 1994;15:74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(94)90137-6
  7. Ceciliani F, Ceron JJ, Eckersall PD, Sauerwein H. Acute phase proteins in ruminants. J Proteomics 2012;75:4207-4231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.004
  8. Horadagoda NU, Knox KM, Gibbs HA, Reid SW, Horadagoda A, Edwards SE, Eckersall PD. Acute phase proteins in cattle: discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation. Vet Rec 1999;144:437-441. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.144.16.437
  9. Murata H, Shimada N, Yoshioka M. Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. Vet J 2004;168:28-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00119-9
  10. Tsunemitsu H, Smith DR, Saif LJ. Experimental inoculation of adult dairy cows with bovine coronavirus and detection of coronavirus in feces by RT-PCR. Arch Virol 1999;144:167-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050050493
  11. Gentsch JR, Glass RI, Woods P, Gouvea V, Gorziglia M, Flores J, Das BK, Bhan MK. Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:1365-1373. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.30.6.1365-1373.1992
  12. Vilcek S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ. Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Arch Virol 1994;136:309-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321060
  13. Constable PD. Clinical assessment of acid-base status. Strong ion difference theory. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1999;15:447-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30158-4
  14. Cho YI, Han JI, Wang C, Cooper V, Schwartz K, Engelken T, Yoon KJ. Case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea. Vet Microbiol 2013;166:375-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.001
  15. Koch A, Kaske M. Clinical efficacy of intravenous hypertonic saline solution or hypertonic bicarbonate solution in the treatment of inappetent calves with neonatal diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22:202-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0029.x
  16. Eckersall PD, Bell R. Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. Vet J 2010;185:23-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009
  17. McDonald TL, Larson MA, Mack DR, Weber A. Elevated extrahepatic expression and secretion of mammary-associated serum amyloid A 3 (M-SAA3) into colostrum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001;83:203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00380-4