Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기물자원화)

Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기성자원학회)
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Change in Fertilizer Characteristics during Fermenting Process of Organic Fertilizer and Effect on Lettuce Growth

혼합발효 유기질비료의 제조과정 중 비료 특성 변화 및 상추 생육에 미치는 영향

  • An, Nan-Hee (Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Lee, Sang-min (Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Oh, Eun-mi (Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Lee, Cho-Rong (Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Gong, Min-Jae (Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science)
  • 안난희 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이상민 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 오은미 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이초롱 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 공민재 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과)
  • Received : 2020.07.01
  • Accepted : 2020.09.14
  • Published : 2020.09.30
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Abstract

This study investigates the changes in inorganic composition and the microbial counts during the process of fermentation of mixed domestic organic resources for the development of alternatives for imported oil cake, and examines the characteristics of mixed fermentation organic fertilizer (MFOF). The effect of the MFOF on the lettuce growth is investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of replacing the existing mixed oil cake with the MFOF. Six kinds of domestic by-product resources, which are rice bran, distiller's dried grains, sesame meal, fish meal, and spent mushroom substrate, are mixed by mixing ratio and the composition was analyzed during the fermentation process for 90 days under moisture content 30% and sealed condition. During the 90 days of fermentation, the pH change of the MFOF was little, and the moisture content was maintained at 34-35% until the 60th day of fermentation, and then decreased to 30-31% on the 90th day. Total nitrogen content remained unchanged during the fermentation period, but total carbon content showed a significant difference on the 21st day of fermentation. It was confirmed that the content of fertilizer composition (nitrogen, phosphate, and potash) of the MFOF was 8.7% or more, which is suitable for the minimum amount standard of the main nutrients to be contained in the organic fertilizer. During the fermentation process of organic fertilizer, the density of bacteria and actinomycetes increased until 60 days and 30 days, respectively, and thereafter little changes were shown, and fungal population showed an increasing trend. As a result of lettuce cultivation test in the greenhouse by applying the MFOF, the growth and yield were comparable to that of using the existing mixed oil cake fertilizer when 100% was applied based on crop standard nitrogen fertilizer level. The use of mixed fermentation organic fertilizer made with domestic by-product resources can be used for use in farms in the future and is expected to contribute to the stable production of environment friendly agricultural products.

본 연구는 수입유박 대체 자재 개발을 위해 국내 유기자원을 배합하여 발효하는 과정에서 무기성분과 미생물수의 변화를 조사하여 혼합발효 유기질비료의 특성을 구명하고, 제조된 혼합발효 유기질비료의 기존 혼합유박 대체 가능성을 검토하고자 상추 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 국내 부산물 자원 미강, 주정박, 참깨박, 어분, 버섯폐배지 등 5종을 혼합비율별로 혼합하고 수분함량 30%, 밀봉조건에서 90일간 발효과정 중의 성분을 분석하여 기존 혼합유박 성분함량 기준에 적합한 혼합발효 유기질비료를 제조하였다. 발효 90일 동안 비료의 pH 변화는 적으며, 수분함량은 발효 60일까지는 34~35%로 유지되다가 90일차에 30~31%로 감소하였다. 총질소 함량은 발효기간 동안 큰 변화 없이 유지되었으나 총탄소 함량은 발효 21일차에 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 제조된 혼합발효 유기질비료의 비료성분 (질소, 인산, 칼륨) 함량이 8.7% 이상으로 유기질비료에 함유된 주성분의 최소량 기준에 적합한 것을 확인하였다. 유기질비료 발효과정 중 세균과 방선균의 밀도는 각각 60일, 30일차까지 증가하다 이후 변화가 적었으며 사상균은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 제조된 혼합발효 유기질비료를 시용하여 온실에서 상추를 재배한 시험 결과, 표준 질소시비량 기준 100% 시용시 혼합유박 대비 생육 및 수량이 대등한 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 지역 내 발생되는 부산물자원으로 제조된 혼합발효 유기질비료는 수입유박을 대체하여 양분관리 자재로 농가 활용이 가능하며 친환경농산물의 안정적 생산에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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