Advances in environmental research

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In situ isolation and characterization of the biosurfactants of B. Subtilis

  • Akthar, Wasim S. (PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts & Science College (Autonomous)) ;
  • Aadham, Mohamed Sheik (PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts & Science College (Autonomous)) ;
  • Nisha, Arif S. (PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts & Science College (Autonomous))
  • Received : 2019.11.26
  • Accepted : 2020.09.24
  • Published : 2020.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Crude oils are essential source of energy. It is majorly found in geographical locations beneath the earth's surface and crude oil is the main factor for the economic developments in the world. Natural crude oil contains unrefined petroleum composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and it contains other organic materials like aromatic compounds, sulphur compounds, and many other organic compounds. These hydrocarbons are rapidly getting degraded by biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The present study deals with the isolation, purification, and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganism from oil-contaminated soil. The ability of the microorganism producing biosurfactant was investigated by well diffusion method, drop collapse test, emulsification test, oil displacement activity, and blue agar plate method. The isolate obtained from the oil contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification was done by microscopic examinations and further characterization was done by Biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Purification of the biosurfactant was performed by simple liquid-liquid extraction, and characterization of extracted biosurfactants was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degradation of crude oil upon treatment with the partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmad, I., Sohail, S. M., Khan, H., Khan, R. and Ahmad, W. (2018), "Characterization of petroleum crude oils by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometerys", Petrol. Petrochem. Eng., 2(2), 1-7.
  2. Al-Wahaibi, Y.M., Al-Bahry, S.N., Elshafie, A.E., Al-Bemani, A.S., Joshi, S.J. and Al-Bahri, A.K. (2014), "Screening of minimal salt media for biosurfactant production by bacillus spp", World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. Int. J. Environ. Ecol. Eng., 8(2).
  3. Bodour, A.A., Guerrero-Barajas, C., Jiorle, B.V., Malcomson, M.E., Paull, A.K., Somogyi, A., Trinh, L.N., Bates, R.B. and Maier, R.M. (2004), "Structure and characterization of flavolipids, a novel class of biosurfactants produced by Flavobacterium sp. strain MTN11", Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70(1), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.1.114-120.2004.
  4. Calvo, C., Manzanera, M., Silva-Castro, G.A., Uad, I. and Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (2009), "Application of bioemulsifiers in soil oil bioremediation processes. Future prospects", Sci. Total Environ., 407(12), 3634-3640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.008.
  5. Chakrabarti, S. (2012), "Bacterial biosurfactant: Characterization, antimicrobial and metal remediation properties", Ph.D. Dissertation, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
  6. Chang, M.W., Holoman, T.P. and Yi, H. (2008), "Molecular characterization of surfactant-driven microbial community changes in anaerobic phenanthrene-degrading cultures under methanogenic conditions", Biotechnol. Lett., 30(9), 1595-1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9731-4.
  7. Daxini, N. and Mistry, K. (2018), "Biosurfactant assistance in crude oil degradation by halophilic Bacillus cereusND1", Niscair csir, 47(8),1640-1647.
  8. Olivera, N.L., Commendatore, M.G., Delgado, O. and Esteves, J.L. (2003), "Microbial characterization and hydrocarbon biodegradation potential of natural bilge waste microflora", J. Industr. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30(9), 542-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0078-5.
  9. Parthipan, P., Preetham, E., Machuca, L.L., Rahman, P.K., Murugan, K. and Rajasekar, A. (2017), "Biosurfactant and degradative enzymes mediated crude oil degradation by bacterium Bacillus subtilis A1", Front. Microbiol., 8, 193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00193.
  10. Saminathan, P. and Rajendran, P. (2016), "Molecular identification and characterization of the biosurfactant produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa-PSPA15 from the oil contaminated soil", Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 5, 708. http://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.508.080.
  11. Santhini, K. and Parthasarathi, R. (2014), "Isolation and screening of biosurfactant producing microorganisms from hydrocarbon contaminated soils from automobile workshop", Int. J. Pharmaceut. Biol. Arch., 5(2), 158-167.
  12. Saravanan, V. and Vijayakumar, S. (2012), "Isolation and screening of biosurfactant producing microorganisms from oil contaminated soil", J. Acad. Indus. Res., 1(5), 264-268.
  13. Satpute, S.K., Bhawsar, B.D., Dhakephalkar, P.K. and Chopade, B.A. (2008), "Assessment of different screening methods for selecting biosurfactant producing marine bacteria", Csir, 37(3), 243-250.
  14. Vijayakumar, S. and Saravanan, V. (2015), "Biosurfactants-types, sources and applications", Res. J. Microbiol., 10(5), 181. http://doi.org/10.3923/jm.2015.181.192.
  15. Whang, L.M., Liu, P.W.G., Ma, C.C. and Cheng, S.S. (2008), "Application of biosurfactants, rhamnolipid, and surfactin, for enhanced biodegradation of diesel-contaminated water and soil", J. Hazard. Mater., 151(1), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.063.
  16. Youssef, N.H., Duncan, K.E., Nagle, D.P., Savage, K.N., Knapp, R.M. and McInerney, M.J. (2004), "Comparison of methods to detect biosurfactant production by diverse microorganisms", J. Microbiol. Meth., 56(3), 339-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.001.
  17. Zhang, X., Xu, D., Zhu, C., Lundaa, T. and Scherr, K.E. (2012), "Isolation and identification of biosurfactant producing and crude oil degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains", Chem. Eng. J., 209, 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.110.