DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analyzing Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty of Internet Only Bank and their Determinants in China

인터넷전문은행의 고객 충성도에 미치는 영향 요인

  • 주재훈 (동국대학교 경주캠퍼스 경영학부(정보경영학전공)) ;
  • 런지아 (동국대학교 대학원 국제비즈니스협동과정)
  • Received : 2020.08.10
  • Accepted : 2020.09.09
  • Published : 2020.09.30

Abstract

Purpose Internet only bank is one of the promising untact businesses which are rising in COVID-19 pandemic. Kakaobank and Kbank have been offering banking services since 2017 in Korea and WeBank and MYbank in China opened the services since 2015. It is necessary to examining determinants of customer loyalty beyond intention to use. The purpose of the present study is to analyze factors influencing customer loyalty and their determinants. A research model integrating the relationships among customer loyalty, service satisfaction, trust, and social influence, and their determinants was proposed. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling for validating the research model was employed. 235 valid data were collected from users of Internet only bank in China. Nine latent variables grouped from 38 indicators were reliable and valid and nine hypotheses were tested by using SmartPLS. Findings All nine hypotheses were supported at significant levels of 0.001 and 0.01. Trust, service satisfaction, and social influence had influenced on customer loyalty. Trust not only affected customer loyalty directly, but also had influence on it indirectly through service satisfaction. Empathy and convenience are determinants of trust. Perceived expertise and dispositions believing acquaints had a positive influence on social influence, whereas users' anxiety for technology or change had a negative influence on social influence. Implications for academics and practitioners were suggested.

Keywords

References

  1. 권혁기, 이문봉, "인터넷전문은행 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구," 한국산업정보학회논문지, 제23권, 제1호, 2018, pp. 97-108. https://doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2018.23.1.097
  2. 김혜리, 정명숙, 손정우, 박민, 엄진섭, 문은옥, 천영운, 최현숙, 이수미, "아동의 인지적.정서적 공감능력과 사회적 행동 간의 관계," 한국심리학회지: 발달, 제26권, 제1호, 2013, pp. 255-275.
  3. 노미진, 황보충, "스마트폰 뱅킹 서비스 품질을 고려한 사용자 이용의도에 관한 연구", 정보시스템연구, 제25권, 제1호, 2016, pp. 105-134.
  4. 런지아, "인터넷전문은행의 고객 충성도에 미치는 영향 요인에 대한 실증연구," 동국대학교 경영학석사학위논문, 2020.
  5. 백상용, "한국 TAM 실증연구의 동일방법편의 분석," 정보시스템연구, 제21권, 제1호, 2012, pp. 1-17.
  6. 이혁균, 주혜원, 중 인터넷은행 'WeBank'의 빠른 성장 배경, Issue Analysis, 국제금융센터(KCIF), 2019, pp. 1-6.
  7. 이현태, 성봉교, 조고은, "중국 모바일 결제 플랫폼의 발전과 시사점: 알리바바 사례를 중심으로," 연구자료 18-04, 2018, 대외경제정책연구원.
  8. 이형주, 이호성, 양성병, "온라인 뉴스 사이트에서 독자의 자발적 구독료 지불행위에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구: 공감의 역할을 중심으로," 지식경영연구, 제14권, 제4호, 2013, pp. 1-17.
  9. 조철호, "인터넷뱅킹 웹 사이트 서비스품질이 고객만족, 관계품질 및 재이용의도에 미치는 영향," Journal of Korea Service Management Society, 제10권, 제1호, 2009, pp. 159-190. https://doi.org/10.15706/jksms.2009.10.1.008
  10. 주재훈, "인터넷전문은행의 이용의도에 미치는 영향 요인: 편리성과 사회적 영향의 함의," 서비스연구, 2018, 제8권, 제2호, pp. 77-94. https://doi.org/10.18807/JSRS.2018.8.2.077
  11. 주재훈, 우가인, "인터넷전문은행 서비스의 한중비교연구: 서비스의 편리성과 사회적 영향 요인을 중심으로," 정보시스템연구, 제28권, 제1호, 2019, pp. 17-39.
  12. 주재훈, 한정희, "온라인 오픈마켓에서 신뢰와 가격 프리미엄의 관계," 경영학연구, 제37권, 제4호, 2008, pp. 723-749.
  13. 한국은행(금융결제국 결제연구팀), "2018년 모바일 금융서비스 이용행태 조사결과," 지급결제 조사연구자료, Retrieved December, 2019, Available: https://www.bok.or.kr/portal/bbs/B0000232/view.do?nttId=10051579&menuNo=200706&pageIndex=1
  14. 한정희.주재훈, "온라인 오픈마켓 신뢰 메커니즘의 비교 연구," 대한경영학회지, 제23권, 제5호, 2010, pp. 2677-2705.
  15. 한희정, 정남호, "관광정보 공유를 위한 소셜 미디어의 역할: 정보와 사회적 영향의 통합모형," 경영학연구, 제43권, 제4호, 2014, pp. 1197-1220.
  16. 홍태호, 옥석재, 박인경, 김은미, "소셜 네트워크 사이트의 사용자 충성도에 관계혜택과 사회적 영향이 미치는 영향," 지식경영연구, 제14권, 제1호, 2013, pp. 21-38.
  17. 황인태, 심완섭, "Internet Banking에서 소비자 신뢰형성 차원에 관한 질적 접근," 전산회계연구, 제6권, 제1호, 2007, pp. 1-21.
  18. Adamovich, K., "The difference between Fintech & Techfin," Retrieved June, 2020, Available: https://payspacemagazine.com/fintech/the-difference-between-fintech-techfin.
  19. Agnihotri, R., and Krush, M. T., "Salesperson empathy, ethical behaviors, and sales performance: the moderating role of trust in one's manager," Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2015, pp. 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2015.1010541
  20. Ausrine, L. and Violeta, N., "Analysis of Motives in Customer Choices of Banking Services: Theoretical Aspect," Economics & Management, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2012,, pp. 84-89.
  21. Berry, L., Seiders, K., and Grewal, D., "Understanding Service Convenience," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, No. 3, 2002, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.3.1.18505
  22. Boateng, H., Adam, D. R., Okoe, A. F., and Anning-Dorson, T., "Assessing the determinants of internet banking adoption intentions: A social cognitive theory perspective," Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 65, 2016, pp. 468-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.017
  23. Brown, L. G., "Convenience in Services Marketing", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1990, pp. 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000002505
  24. Chaudhuri, A. and Holbrook, M. B., "The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 65, No. 2, 2001, pp. 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255
  25. Curran, J. M., Meuter, M. L. and Surprenant, C. F., "Intentions to Use Self-Service Technologies: A Confluence of Multiple Attitudes", Journal of Service Research, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2003, pp. 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670502238916
  26. Davis, M. H., "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1983, pp. 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
  27. Day, G. S., "A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty," Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1969, pp. 29-35.
  28. Deutsch, M. and Gerard, H. B., "A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment," The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 51, No. 3, 1955, pp. 629-636. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046408
  29. Doney, P. M. and Cannon, J. P., "An examination of the nature of trust in buyer-seller relationships," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61, No. 1, 1997, pp. 35-51.
  30. Duan, C. and Hill, C. E., "The current state of empathy research," Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1996, pp. 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.3.261
  31. Feng, J., Lazar, J., and Preece, J., "Empathy and online interpersonal trust: A fragile relationship," Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2004, pp. 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290310001659240
  32. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error," Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, 1981, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  33. Garson, G. D., "Partial Least Squares: Regression & Structural Equation Models," Retrieved June, 2019, Available: https://www.smartpls.com/resources/ebook_on_pls-sem.pdf
  34. Gefen, D., Karahanna, E. and Straub, D. W., "Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model", MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2003, pp. 51-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036519
  35. Gupta, S. and Kim, H., "Value-Driven Internet Shopping: The Mental Accounting Theory Perspective," Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2010, pp. 13-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20317
  36. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I.. L., and Kelley, H. H., Communication and Persuasion, Yale University Press, 1953.
  37. Hsu, H. and Chang, Y., "Extended TAM Model: Impacts of Convenience on Acceptance and Use of Moodle," US-China Education Review A, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2013, pp. 211-218.
  38. Hsu, C. and Lu, H., "Why Do People Play On-line Games? An Extended TAM with Social Influences and Flow Experience," Information and Management, Vol. 41, No. 7, 2004, pp. 853-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.08.014
  39. Hu, L. and Bentler, P. M., "Fit Indices in Covariance Structure Modeling: Sensitivity to Underparameterized Model Misspecification," Psychological Methods, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1998, pp. 424-453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424
  40. Hu, X., Chen, X., and Davidson, R., "Social Support, Source Credibility, Social Influence, and Impulsive Purchase Behavior in Social Commerce," International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2019, pp. 297-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2019.1619905
  41. Kingshott, R.P.J., Sharma, P., and Chung, H.F.L., "The impact of relational versus technological resources on e-loyalty: A comparative study between local, national and foreign branded banks," Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 72, 2018, pp. 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.02.011
  42. Kock, N., "Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach," International Journal of e-Collaboration, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2015, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
  43. Ladhari, R. and Leclerc, A., "Building loyalty with online financial services customers: Is there a gender difference?" Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 20, 2013, pp. 560-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.07.005
  44. Lin, H. and Wang, Y., "An examination of the determinants of customer loyalty in mobile commerce contexts," Information & Management, Vol. 43, 2006, pp. 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.08.001
  45. Lu, B., Zeng, Q, and Fan, W., "Examining macro-sources of institution-based trust in social commerce marketplaces: An empirical study," Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, Vol. 20, 2016, pp. 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2016.10.004
  46. Mangus, S. M., Bock, D. E., Jones, E., and Folse, J. A. G., "Examining the effects of mutual information sharing and relationship empathy: A social penetration theory perspective," Journal of Business Research, Vol. 109, 2020, pp. 375-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.019
  47. Meuter, M.L., Ostrom, A.L., Bitner, M.J., and Roundtree, R., "The influence of technology anxiety on consumer use and experiences with self-service technologies," Journal of Business Research, Vol. 56, No. 11, 2003, pp. 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00276-4
  48. McAllister, D. J., "Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations," Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, 1995, pp. 24-59. https://doi.org/10.2307/256727
  49. Nunnally, J. C. and Bemstein, I. H., Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.
  50. Ohanian, R., "Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness," Journal of Advertising, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1990, pp. 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191
  51. Oliver, R. L., "Whence consumer loyalty," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63, Special Issue, 1999, pp. 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
  52. Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., and Berry, L. L., "SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality," Journal of Retailing, Vol. 64, No. 1, 1988, pp. 12-40.
  53. Park, J. K., Ahnb, J., Thavisaya, T. and Rena, T., "Examining the role of anxiety and social influence in multi-benefits of mobile payment service", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 47, 2019, pp. 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.015
  54. Purania, K., Kumarb, D.S., and Sahadev, S., "e-Loyalty among millennials: Personal characteristics and social influences," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 48, 2019, pp. 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.02.006
  55. Seiders, K., Voss, G. B., Godfrey, A. L. and Grewal, D., "SERVCON: development and validation of a multidimensional service convenience scale," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2007, pp. 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-006-0001-5
  56. Shen, Y. C., Huang, C. Y., Chu, C. H. and Liao, H. C., "Virtual community loyalty: An interpersonal-interaction perspective", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2010, pp. 49-74. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415150102
  57. Strasser, S., Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash, New York, Metropolitan Books, 1999.
  58. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., and Davis, F. D., "User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2003, pp. 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  59. Yousafzai, S., Pallister, J., and Foxall, G., "Multi-dimensional role of trust in Internet banking adoption," The Service Industries Journal, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2009, pp. 591-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060902719958
  60. Yuan, S., Liu, L, Su, B., and Zhang, H., "Determining the antecedents of mobile payment loyalty: Cognitive and affective perspectives," Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, Vol. 41, 2020, 100971, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2020.100971
  61. Zhao, Q., Chen, C., and Wang, J., "The effects of psychological ownership and TAM on social media loyalty: An integrated model," Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 33, Issue 4, 2016, pp. 959-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.02.007