Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Classification of Adolescent Suicide Based on Student Suicide Reports

  • Kwon, Hoin (Department of Counseling Psychology, Jeonju University) ;
  • Hong, Hyun Ju (Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University) ;
  • Kweon, Yong-Sil (Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University)
  • Received : 2020.08.03
  • Accepted : 2020.09.03
  • Published : 2020.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Exploring the risk factors of adolescent suicide is important for effective suicide prevention. This study explored the clustering of adolescent suicides based on six risk factors: mental disorder, broken family, depression, anxiety, previous suicide attempts, and deviant behaviors. Using 173 student suicide reports obtained from the Ministry of Education, we evaluated the associations between suicide and variables related to mental disorders; dysfunctional family life; depression and anxiety; previous suicide attempts; deviant behaviors such as drinking and smoking; and school life characteristics, including attendance and discipline, problems within the past year, and incidents prior to suicide. In addition, reports of warning signs just before suicide were included in the analysis. The two-stage cluster analysis classified the students into three clusters: the silent type (cluster 1; 48.55%), in which no risk factors were observed; environmental-risk type (cluster 2: 24.28%), which featured a high frequency of broken households, deviant behaviors such as smoking/drinking and running away from home; and depressive type (cluster 3: 27.17%), which featured a high frequency of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide attempts. Identifying the sub-types of adolescent suicide may help to inform tailored suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. Suicide [cited 2020 Sep 2]. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.
  2. Statistics Korea. Annual report on the cause of death statistics 2019 [cited 2020 Jul 2]. Available from URL: http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/6/2/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=385219&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&searchInfo=&sTarget=title&sTxt=.
  3. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA 2005;294:2064-2074. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.16.2064
  4. Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Allman C, Friend A, Roth C, et al. Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: a case-control study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32:521-529. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199305000-00006
  5. Gould MS, Fisher P, Parides M, Flory M, Shaffer D. Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:1155-1162. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120095016
  6. Brent DA, Johnson BA, Perper J, Connolly J, Bridge J, Bartle S, et al. Personality disorder, personality traits, impulsive violence, and completed suicide in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33:1080-1086. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199410000-00003
  7. Nock MK, Green JG, Hwang I, McLaughlin KA, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:300-310. https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.55
  8. Bentley KH, Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Kleiman EM, Fox KR, Nock MK. Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2016;43:30-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.008
  9. Allebeck P, Allgulander C. Suicide among young men: psychiatric illness, deviant behaviour and substance abuse. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;81:565-570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05500.x
  10. Jae YM. Suicide and psychiatric disorder. J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2004;10:3-10.
  11. Lazear K, Roggenbaum S, Blase K. Youth suicide prevention schoolbased guide. Tampa, FL: Department of Child and Family Studies, Division of State and Local Support, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida;2003.
  12. Zalsman G, Siman Tov Y, Tzuriel D, Shoval G, Barzilay R, Tiech Fire N, et al. Psychological autopsy of seventy high school suicides: combined qualitative/quantitative approach. Eur Psychiatry 2016;38:8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.005
  13. Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes. 2015 School based psychological autopsy. Chuncheon: Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes; 2016.
  14. Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes. 2018 Student suicide death and attempt issue reports. Chuncheon: Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes;2019.
  15. Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes. 2019 Student suicide death Report. Chuncheon: Suicide and School Mental Health Institutes; 2020.
  16. Ahn JS, Jun SK, Han JK, Noh KS, Goodman R. The development of a Korean version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaires. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2003;42:141-147.
  17. Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ. Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1990.
  18. Beautrais AL. Suicides and serious suicide attempts: two populations or one? Psychol Med 2001;31:837-845. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291701003889
  19. Fortune S, Stewart A, Yadav V, Hawton K. Suicide in adolescents: using life charts to understand the suicidal process. J Affect Disord 2007;100:199-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.022
  20. Portzky G, Audenaert K, van Heeringen K. Suicide among adolescents. A psychological autopsy study of psychiatric, psychosocial and personality-related risk factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2005;40:922-930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0977-x
  21. Hawton K, Rodham K, Evans E, Weatherall R. Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. BMJ 2002;325:1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
  22. Hawton K, Saunders KE, O'Connor RC. Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet 2012;379:2373-2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5
  23. Kwon H, Lee JS, Kim AR, Hong HJ, Kweon YS. Risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018;29:114-121. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.170010
  24. Bukstein OG, Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Baugher M, Schweers J, et al. Risk factors for completed suicide among adolescents with a lifetime history of substance abuse: a case-control study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;88:403-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03481.x
  25. Renaud J, Berlim MT, McGirr A, Tousignant M, Turecki G. Current psychiatric morbidity, aggression/impulsivity, and personality dimensions in child and adolescent suicide: a case-control study. J Affect Disord 2008;105:221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.013
  26. Joiner TE, Van Orden KA. The interpersonal psychological theory of suicidal behavior indicates specific and crucial psychotherapeutic targets. Int J Cogn Ther 2008;1:80-89. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.1.80
  27. Korea psychological autopsy center. Psychological interview report [cited 2020 Jul 2]. Available from URL: http://www.psyauto.or.kr/sub/data_02.asp.

Cited by

  1. A Multifactorial Interpretation of a Teenager's Suicide: Based on Krystal's Death in Casual Vacancy vol.32, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.200033