KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy

Korea Electric Power Corporation (한국전력공사)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Revenue Maximizing Scheduling for a Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Solar PV and ESS

  • Leon, Nishimwe H. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University) ;
  • Yoon, Sung-Guk (Department of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University)
  • Received : 2020.04.23
  • Accepted : 2020.07.21
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The modern transportation and mobility sector is expected to encounter high penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) because EVs contribute to reducing the harmful emissions from fossil fuel-powered vehicles. With the prospective growth of EVs, sufficient and convenient facilities for fast charging are crucial toward satisfying the EVs' quick charging demand during their trip. Therefore, the Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (FECS) will be a similar role to gas stations. In this paper, we study a charging scheduling problem for the FECS with solar photovoltaic (PV) and an Energy Storage System (ESS). We formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the operational costs of FECS. There are two cost and one revenue terms that are buying cost from main grid power, ESS degradation cost, and revenue from the charging fee of the EVs. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces the daily operational cost by effectively using solar PV and ESS.

Keywords

References

  1. Vishu, G., Rajesh, K., BK. Panigrahi, "Electric Vehicle Charging Management-Battery Charging vs. Swapping in Densely Populated Environments," IEEE Smart Grid Newsletters, Oct. 2019.
  2. Liu, G., Kang, L., Luan, Z., Qiu, J., Zheng, F. "Charging Station and Power Network Planning for Integrated Electric Vehicles (EVs)," Energies, 12(13), p.2595, Jan. 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132595.
  3. Bryden, T. S., Hilton, G., Dimitrov, B., de Leon, C. P., Cruden, A., "Rating a Stationary Energy Storage System within a Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering User Waiting Times," IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 879-889, Dec. 2019, DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2019.2910401.
  4. Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Cai, L., Pan, J., "EV Charging Network Design with Transportation and Power Grid Constraints", in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2018, Honolulu, HI, USA, Apr. 2018, pp. 2492-2500, DOI: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8486414.
  5. Sadeghi-Barzani, P., Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, A., Kazemi-Karegar, H., "Optimal Fast Charging Station Placing and Sizing," Applied Energy, vol. 125, pp. 289-299, Jul. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.077.
  6. Zhang, H., Moura, S. J., Hu, Z., Song, Y., "PEV Fast-Charging Station Siting and Sizing on Coupled Transportation and Power Networks", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2595-2605, Jul. 2018, DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2614939.
  7. Bayram, I. S., Michailidis, G., Devetsikiotis, M., Granelli, F., "Electric Power Allocation in a Network of Fast Charging Stations", IEEE Journal on Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1235-1246, Jul. 2013, DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2013.130707.
  8. Machiels, N., Leemput, N., Geth, F., Van Roy, J., Buscher, J., Driesen, J., "Design Criteria for Electric Vehicle Fast Charge Infrastructure Based on Flemish Mobility Behavior", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 320-327, Jan. 2014, DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2278723.
  9. Tushar, W., Yuen, C., Huang, S., Smith, D. B., Poor, H. V., "Cost Minimization of Charging Stations with Photovoltaics: An Approach with EV Classification", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 156-169, Jan. 2016, DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2015.2462824.
  10. Vidanalage, I., Sabillon, C., Venkatesh, B., Torquato, R., Freitas, W., "Scheduling of Merchant-Owned EV Charging at a Charging Facility with Multiple Chargers", in Proc. 2018 IEEE EPEC, Toronto, ON, USA, Oct. 2018, pp. 1-6, DOI: 10.1109/EPEC.2018.8598415.
  11. Moghaddam, Z., Ahmad, I., Habibi, D., Phung, Q. V., "Smart Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations", IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 76-88, Mar. 2018, DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2017.2753403.
  12. Zahedi, A. "Maximizing Solar PV Energy Penetration Using Energy Storage Technology," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol.15, No. 1, pp. 866-870, Jan. 2011, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.011.
  13. PV Output, Available at https://pvoutput.org/outputs.jsp, Accessed on April 12, 2020.
  14. Summary of Travel Trends: 2017 National Household Travel Survey, Available at: https://nhts.ornl.gov/assets/2017_nhts_summary_travel_trends.pdf, Accessed on April 12, 2020.
  15. SDG&E EV Time of Use summer pricing plan, Available at: https://www.sdge.com/residential/pricing-plans/about-our-pricingplans/electric-vehicle-plans, Accessed on April 12, 2020.
  16. Kim, J., Lee, J., Park, S., Choi, J. K., "Battery-Wear-Model Based Energy Trading in Electric Vehicles: A naive auction Model and a Market Analysis," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 4140-4151, Jul. 2019, DOI: 10.1109/TII.2018.2883655.