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Effect of water hardness on coffee composition and coffee preference by university students

물의 경도가 커피의 조성과 일반 대학생들의 커피 선호도에 미치는 영향

  • Yoo, In-Kyung (Major in Food Biomaterials, School of Food Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jang, Do-Hyeon (Major in Food Biomaterials, School of Food Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwon, Woo-Jin (Major in Food Biomaterials, School of Food Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Keon-Hee (Nido Specialty Coffee Roastery) ;
  • Lim, Jinkyu (Major in Food Biomaterials, School of Food Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University)
  • 유인경 (경북대학교 식품공학부 식품소재공학전공) ;
  • 장도현 (경북대학교 식품공학부 식품소재공학전공) ;
  • 권우진 (경북대학교 식품공학부 식품소재공학전공) ;
  • 이건희 (니도 커피 로스터리) ;
  • 임진규 (경북대학교 식품공학부 식품소재공학전공)
  • Received : 2020.07.29
  • Accepted : 2020.09.17
  • Published : 2020.10.31

Abstract

Water is a major ingredient and comprises over 98% content of coffee. In this study, coffees prepared with distilled water (L) and waters with medium (M) and high hardness (H) were investigated for organic acid, caffeine, and eugenol contents and analyzed by sensory evaluation. Organic acid content was the highest in H-coffee. The contents of chlorogenic acid and caffeine, the characteristic bitter taste molecules, were the highest in L-coffee. The level of eugenol, one of the representative aroma components, was the lowest in M-coffee but similar between L- and H-coffees. The sensory evaluation test, conducted on a university student group comprising 56 female and 47 male participants, showed that L-coffee was the most preferred (42% or higher), but there was no significant difference in bitterness, acidity, body, and balance. Results suggest that the preference index of coffee taste among university students may be different from that of coffee experts who prefer coffee extracted with water of certain hardness.

커피의 98% 이상을 차지하는 물이 경도에 따라 커피의 풍미에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것은 매우 실용적이고 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 증류수(L) 및 중간 경도(M), 높은 경도의 물(H)로 커피를 제조하고 추출된 커피 성분 중 유기산, caffeine, eugenol 등을 분석하고 커피 맛에 대한 선호도 분석을 위해 관능평가를 진행하였다. 유기산은 H-커피에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 농도로 추출되었고 쓴맛의 대표 물질인 chlorogenic acid와 caffeine은 L-커피에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 농도로 추출되었으며 커피의 대표적 향기 성분 중의 하나로 알려진 eugenol은 물의 경도에 따른 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 여성 56명 남성 47명으로 구성된 일반 대학생을 대상으로 진행한 관능평가에서 쓴맛, 신맛, body감, balance의 항목에서 평균값들의 차이를 보이지 않았으나 42.4%를 차지하는 36명이 L-커피를 선호하였고 M- 과 H-커피에 대해서는 각각 29.4% 및 28.2%의 선호도를 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과는 일반 대학생들이 선호하는 커피는 낮은 경도의 물로 추출한 것으로 높은 경도의 물로 추출된 낮은 쓴맛의 커피를 선호하는 커피 전문가들의 기존의 평가 지표와는 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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