Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Fermentation of wheat bran through lactic acid bacteria: Changes in flavor components and free amino acids and potential applications in baking

밀기울의 유산균 발효: 향기성분 및 유리아미노산 변화를 통한 제빵 소재로서의 가능성

  • Na, Yerim (Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC group) ;
  • Park, Sung Hoon (Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC group)
  • Received : 2020.06.11
  • Accepted : 2020.07.31
  • Published : 2020.10.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to enhance the use of wheat bran in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. LAB fermentation of wheat bran and the flavor components and amino acids of fermentation products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that total flavor components increased by 93% and 73% in the animal-based LAB mixture (T2) and plant-based LAB mixture (T3), respectively, after fermentation. Among these components, 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl), known for its buttery flavor, was detected at concentrations of 18.44 ng/g (T2) and 16.95 ng/g (T3). Levels of hexanal and nonanal, which causes off-flavor components in wheat bran, dramatically decreased after T2 fermentation; similarly, levels of total free amino acids decreased by 37.6% (T2) and 36.7% (T3) after fermentation. This may explain why some components were bound to volatile compounds during LAB fermentation. These results suggest that LAB-fermented wheat bran is a potential value-added food material.

밀기울을 유산균 종류에 따라 각각 발효물을 제조하고 그에 따른 향기성분을 SPME로 추출하여 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 총 19종류의 향기성분이 검출되었으며 이 중 알콜류가 차지하는 비중이 가장 컸으며 그 중에서도 1-hexanol이 21.05-29.06 ng/g으로 가장 다량으로 검출되었다. 이 중 유산균의 아미노산 대사에 의해 형성되는 알코올류인 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol은 발효 후 증가하고, 아미노산 leucine, phenylalanine는 감소되는 경향을 확인하였다. 케톤류 또한 발효에 의해 증가되는 경향을 보였는데 주로 유제품 유산균 발효에 의한 것으로 2,3-butanedione를 비롯한 buttery 풍미를 내는 케톤류들이 검출되었다. 이는 밀기울 유산균 발효 산물의 풍미를 증대시켜 식품 소재로서의 가치를 상승시킬 것이라 생각한다. 또한 알데하이드류는 감소하였는데, 알데하이드류는 주로 밀기울이 가지고 있는 이취 물질들으므로 유산균 발효를 통해 밀기울 소재의 한계점을 극복하고 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. 본 연구를 통해 사료나 폐기되는 제분 부산물을 유산균 발효를 통해 고부가가치 식품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였고, 제과 및 제빵에 발효 밀기울을 응용, 적용함으로써 고 식이섬유 제품 및 풍미가 강화된 제품을 제조할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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