DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

외래생물에 대한 대중의 문제 인식: 악어거북 뉴스 기사를 바탕으로

Public Perception on Non-native Species: Based on the News Articles about the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)

  • 김현정 (이화여자대학교 에코크리에이티브 협동과정) ;
  • 박승민 (전남대학교 생명기술학과 석박사통합과정) ;
  • 장이권 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부) ;
  • 구교성 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부)
  • Kim, Hyunjung (Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans Univ) ;
  • Park, Seoung-Min (School of Biological of Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National Univ) ;
  • Jang, Yikweon (Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans Univ) ;
  • Koo, Kyo Soung (Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans Univ)
  • 투고 : 2020.07.20
  • 심사 : 2020.09.22
  • 발행 : 2020.10.31

초록

글로벌화가 진행됨에 따라 외래생물에 대한 문제가 점점 커지고 있으며, 전 세계적인 규모로 확대되고 있다. 국내의 경우, 야생에서 서식하는 외래종 중 외래거북이 발견되는 사례가 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 1970년대 처음으로 수입된 붉은귀거북(Trachemys scripta elegans)을 포함하여, 15여 종의 외래거북이 최근 국내 야생에서 확인되었다. 게다가, 2019년 10월 15일, 광주광역시에 위치한 풍암천에서 악어거북(Macrochelys temminckii) 한 개체가 발견되었다. 외래생물 관련 문제가 커지는 시기에 큰 크기와 공격적인 성향을 가진 악어거북의 발견 사례는 큰 이슈가 되었으며, 다수의 대중매체를 통해 기사화되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 악어거북 발견 기사에 달린 댓글(의견)들을 통해 대중들이 가지고 있는 외래생물에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 하였다. 악어거북 기사에 달린 댓글은 총 1,100개였다. 그 중 342개(31.1%)가 외래생물과 연관성을 보였다. 연관성이 있었던 글(n=342) 중 외래생물이 문제가 될 것이라는 댓글은 전체의 97.7%(n=334)였다. 외래생물이 문제가 되는 이유(n=42)에는 생태계교란(n=31, 73.8%)과 공격성(n=11, 26.2%)이 포함되었다. 외래생물 침입 문제가 발생하는 원인으로는 책임감 부재(n=122, 51.7%)가 가장 많이 언급되었으며, 무분별한 수입 및 거래(n=99, 42.0%), 관련 제도 부재(n=13, 5.5%), 처리 방법의 부재(n=2, 0.8%)가 뒤를 이었다. 대중은 외래생물 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안(n=129)으로 등록제(animal registration)의 필요성(n=59, 45.7%)을 가장 많이 언급하였다. 본 연구를 통해 대중이 외래생물에 대한 심각성을 인식하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 확인한 외래생물에 대한 대중들의 인식과 의견은 연구자와 정부가 충분히 참고할 필요가 있으며, 추후 외래생물의 관리를 위한 정책 방향을 설정하는데 중요한 근거가 될 것이다.

As the world becomes more globalized, the non-native species issue has emerged as a problem that is growing internationally. In particular, the number of non-native turtles found in the wild has been increasing sharply in South Korea. At least 15 species of non-native turtles, including the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) first imported in the 1970s, have been found in Korea. On October 15, 2019, an alligator snapping turtle (AST, Macrochelys temminckii) was found in a stream located in Gwangju city, South Korea. The discovery of AST became a big issue in South Korea as the animal is known for its large body size and aggressiveness and was featured widely in the mass media. In this study, to learn the public's perception of non-native species, we examined comments (opinions) to the online news articles about the AST. We collected 1,100 comments from the Internet news articles on the AST. Out of the 1,100 comments, 342 (31.1%) comments were related to non-native species' issues. Most of the respondents (97.7%, n=334) stated that the non-native species are a problem. Forty two comments mentioned potential threats posed by non-native species: non-native species' aggressive nature (n=11, 26.2%) and ecological disturbance (n=31, 73.8%). Lack of responsibility (n=122, 51.7%) was the major causative factor for the introduction of non-native species, and followed by indiscriminate pet trade (n=99, 42.0%), absence of relevant legislation (n=13, 5.5%), and absence of treatment (n=2, 0.8%). Animal registration (n=59, 45.7%) was the most commonly mentioned as the way to deal with the issue of the non-native species' invasion. Our results show that the public is aware of the seriousness of the invasion of non-native species, including AST. This study highlights that researchers and government officials need to consider the public's perception and opinions. We believe that our study can serve as an essential reference for the policy direction and the management of non-native species.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Choi, D.S., S.E. Choi and Y.J. Choi(2008). How do comments affect forming public opinion in Internet portal news? Journal of Political Communication 8: 311-358.
  2. Clavero, M. and E. García-Berthou(2005) Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.003
  3. Elsey, R.M.(2006) Food habits of Macrochelys temminckii (alligator snapping turtle) from Arkansas and Louisiana. Southeastern Nataturalist 5: 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[443:FHOMTA]2.0.CO;2
  4. Episcopio‐Sturgeon, D.J. and E.F. Pienaar(2020) Investigating support for management of the pet trade invasion risk. Journal of Wildlife Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21867
  5. GEO BON(2015) An Essential Biodiversity Variable Approach to Monitoring Biological Invasions: Guide for Countries. Leipzig, Germany, 20pp.
  6. Gyeonggi Research Institute(2015) Current situation and the main issue of pet. Issue & Analysis. 188: 1-20.
  7. Hankyoreh(2019) http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/animalpeople/wild_animal/914304.html
  8. IPBES(2019) Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 56pp.
  9. Johnson, B.A., A.D. Mader, R. Dasgupta and P. Kumar(2020) Citizen science and invasive alien species: An analysis of citizen science initiatives using information and communications technology (ICT) to collect invasive alien species observations. Global Ecology and Conservation 21: e00812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00812
  10. Johnson, R.D. and C.L. Nielsen(2016) Traumatic amputation of finger from an alligator snapping turtle bite. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 27: 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2016.02.003
  11. Kim, E.M. and Y.H. Sun(2006) The effect of replies in Internet news on the audience. Korean Journal of Journalism and Communication Studies 50: 33-64.
  12. Koo, K.S. and Sung, H.C(2019) Analysis on the Important Environmental Factors for Reproduction of Trachemys scripta elegans in Jeju Island, South Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 52: 378-384. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2019.52.4.378
  13. Koo, K.S., H.J. Baek, S.H. Kim, H.J. Jang, D.I. Kim and H.C. Sung(2019) First Report on the natural movement of introduced Turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 52: 9-12. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2019.52.1.009
  14. Koo, K.S., H.R. Park, J.H. Choi and H.C. Sung(2020b) Present status of non-native amphibians and reptiles traded in Korean online pet shop. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 34: 106-114. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2020.34.2.106
  15. Koo, K.S., S. Kwon, M.S. Do and S. Kim(2017) Distribution characteristics of exotic turtles in Korean wild-based on Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 50: 286-294. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2017.50.3.286
  16. Koo, K.S., S. Song, J.H. Choi and H.C. Sung(2020a) Current distribution and status of non-native freshwater turtles in the Wild, Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 12: 4042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104042
  17. Koo, K.S., S.M. Park, J.H. Choi and H.C. Sung(2020d). New report of alligator snappoing turtle (Macrochelys temminckii Troost, 1835). BioInvasions Records. Accepted in 29 July 2020.
  18. Koo, K.S., S.N. Park, H.J. Kang, H.R. Park, J.H. Choi, J.S. Lee, B.K. Kim and H.C. Sung(2020c) New record of the non-native snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) in the wild of the Republic of Korea. BioInvasions Records 9: 444-449. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.30
  19. Lee, D.H., Y.C. Kim, M.H. Chang, S. Kim, D. Kim and J. Kil(2016) Current status and management of alien turtles in Korea. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 25: 319-332. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2016.25.5.319
  20. Lowe, S., M. Browne, S. Boudjelas and M. De Poorter(2000) 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species: A selection from the global invasive species database(Vol. 12). Auckland, New Zealand: Invasive Species Specialist Group.
  21. MBC(2019) https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2019/nwdesk/article/5561901_28802.html
  22. Ministry of Environment(2001) Encyclopedia of the environment. Seoul, Republic of Korea, 781pp.
  23. Ministry of Environment(2014) Measures for the protection of ecosystems due to the infusion of invasive species, Sejong, Republic of Korea, 2pp..
  24. Ministry of Environment(2016) Invasive species threatening the ecosystem, Sejong, Republic of Korea, 82pp.
  25. Morris, M. and C. Ogan(1996) The Internet as mass medium. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 1(4): 1083-6101.
  26. Mun, S., K.H. Nam, C.G. Kim, Y.J. Chun, H.W. Lee, J.H. Kil and J.C. Lee(2013) Suggestions for the improvement of the invasive alien species management in Korea: A comparative analysis of the legal framework for invasive alien species between Japan and Korea. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 21: 35-54. (in Korean with English abstract)
  27. National Institute of Ecology(2018) Nationwide Survey of Nonnative Species in Korea(IV), Seocheon, Republic of Korea. 253pp.
  28. Ng, V.C., A.C. Lit, O.F. Wong, M.L. Tse and H.T. Fung(2018) Injuries and envenomation by exotic pets in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal 24: 48-55.
  29. Oh, H.S. and C.E. Hong(2007) Current conditions of habitat for Rana catesbeiana and Trachemys scripta elegans imported to Jeju-do, including proposed management plans. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 21: 311-317.
  30. Park, I.K., K.W. Lee, J.H. Jeong, H.B. Lee and K.S. Koo(2020). First report on the non-native species, Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii), in the wild, Republic of Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Biology 38: 16-20. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2020.38.1.016
  31. SBS(2019) https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1005492121&plink=ORI&cooper=NAVER
  32. Shiau, T., P. Hou, S. Wu and M. Tu(2006) A survey on alien pet reptiles in Taiwan. Taiwania 51: 71-80.
  33. Telford Jr, S.R., T.M. Norton, P.E. Moler and J.B. Jensen(2009). A new Haemogregarina species of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae), in Georgia and Florida that produces macromeronts in circulating erythrocytes. Journal of Parasitology 95: 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1696.1