Human Ecology Research

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of University Students' COVID-19 Stress on Smartphone Addiction: The Mediating Effects of Self-Regulation

코로나 스트레스가 대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향: 자기조절능력의 매개효과

  • Choi, Ara (Department of Child Development Study, Gwangju University)
  • Received : 2021.08.26
  • Accepted : 2021.10.28
  • Published : 2021.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 stress, self-regulation, and smartphone addiction among university students. It also assessed whether self-regulation mediates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The participants comprised 346 students enrolled in G city university. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS to generate descriptive statistics, perform a correlation analysis, and create a structural equation model. The main findings were as follows. First, COVID-19 stress had a negative correlation with self-regulation, but a positive correlation with smartphone addiction. A negative correlation was observed between self-regulation ability and smartphone addiction. Secondly, self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The results will inform educational and counseling interventions aimed at preventing smartphone addiction among university students living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was conducted by research funds from Gwangju university in 2021.

References

  1. Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Prychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  2. Ching, K. H. & Tak, L. M. (2017). The structural model on parenting style, attachment style, self-regulation and self-esteem for smartphone addiction. Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, 3(1), 85-103.
  3. Choi, H. J. & Kim, H. K. (2021). Effects of COVID 19 stress on children's emotion and academic development. The Journal of Welfare and Counseling Education, 10(1), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.20497/jwce.2021.10.1.83
  4. Crandall, A., Magnusson, B. M., Novilla, M. L. B., Novilla, L. K. B., & Dyer, S. J. (2017). Family financial stress and adolescent sexual risk-taking: The role of self-regulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-016-0543-x https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-016-0543-x
  5. David, M. E. & Roberts, J. A. (2021). Smartphone use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social versus physical distancing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031034
  6. Derryberry, D., & Rothbart, M. K. (1988). Arousal, affect and attention as components of temperament. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 985-966.
  7. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents' reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67(5), 2227-2247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01854.x
  8. Eisenberg, N., Spinard, T. L., & Eggum, N. D. (2016). Emotion-related self-regulation and its relations to children's maladjustment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 495-525. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208
  9. Evans, G. W. & Kim, P. (2012). Childhood poverty, chronic stress, self-regulation, and coping. Society for Research in Child Development, 7(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12013
  10. Gim, G. J. & Joo, E. S. (2015). A study of the sub-factors relationship between adolescent's focusing manner and self-regulation abilities, Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society, 12(1), 69-91.
  11. Han, J. Y. (2021). The relationship between perceptual corona stress and mental well-being: The moderated mediation effect of anxiety through health care awareness and resilience. (Unpublished master's thesis). Hanshin Uninversity, Osan, Korea.
  12. Horesy, D. & Brown, A. D. (2020). Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (4), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000592.
  13. Hosen, I., Mamyn, F. A., Sikder, M. T., Abbasi, A. Z., Zou, L., Guo, T., & Mamun, M. A. (2021). Prevalence and associated factors of problematic smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Bangladeshi study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 3797-3805. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S325126.
  14. Hoyle, R. H. (2006). Personality and self-regulation: Trait and information-processing perspective. Journal of Personality , 74(6), 1507-1525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00418.x
  15. Ji, S. Y. (2021). Dual mediation effects of life stress and multidimensional Eexperiential avoidance on association between parents adolescent communication and smartphone addiction of university students (Unpublished master's thesis). Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  16. Keinan, G., Ben-Zur, H., Zilka, M., & Carel, R. S. (1992). Anger in out, which is healthier?: An attempt to reconcile inconsistent findings. Psychology and Health, 7, 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449208520012
  17. Kim, J. I. (2020). The effects of sociality, life stress, and depression on the smartphone addiction of nursing college students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 21(4), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.4.100
  18. Kim, J. M. (2021). The effects of youth activity on smartphone dependency : Focusing on the mediating effect of self-regulation ability (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  19. Kim, J. Y. & Choi, S. M. (2019). The effect of life stress, social-anxiety on smart phone overdependence of university students: The moderated mediating effect of emotional expressiveness. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 16(3), 361-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2019.16.3.361
  20. Kim, N. S. & Lee, K. E. (2012). Effects of self-control and life stress on smart phone addiction of university students. Journal of the Korea Society of Health Informatics and Statistics, 37(2), 72-83.
  21. Kim, S. H. & Choi, Y. N. (2017). Correlation between stress and smartphone addiction in healthcare related university students. Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene, 17 (1), 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2017.17.01.27
  22. Kim, S. J. & Kim, H. J. (2021). Effect of increased use of video terminal on eyes and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society, 26 (2), 113-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2021.26.2.113
  23. Kim, S. J. & Kim, K. H. (2013). Cognitive approach to internet addiction improvement: Focused on solution of craving and loss of control. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(3), 421-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.3.001
  24. Ko, M. J. & Choi, B. Y. (2017). The mediating effects of self-regulation ability in the relationship between college students' academic stress and adaptation to college life. Korean Journal of Youth Studies 24(6), 81-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2017.06.24.6.81
  25. Kopp, C. (1982). The adolescents of self-regulation a developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.18.2.199
  26. Korea Addiction Forum. (2020). Emergency survey on addictive behavior changes before and after Corona. Retrived May 10, 2021, from http://www.addictionfr.org/2020/bbs/board.php?bo_table=sub06_1&wr_id=33
  27. Kuhl, J., & Fuhrmann, A. (1998) Decomposing self-regulation and self-control: The Volitional Components Inventory. In J. Heckhausen, & C. Dweck (Eds.), Motivationand self-regulation acrossthelifespan. 15-49. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  28. Lau, T., Griffiths, S., Choi, K. C., & Tsui, H. Y. (2010). Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. Emerging Infect Disease, 10(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-139
  29. Lee, H. J. (2019). The effects of parenting attitude on smartphone addiction of upper grades of elementary school : The mediating effect of self-regulatory ability (Unpublished master's thesis). Korea National University Education, Cheongju, Korea.
  30. Lee, J. H. (2020). An influence of social support and stress of university students participating in physical education classes on self-regulation and communication. Korean Journal of Sports Science, 29(4), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2020.08.29.4.57
  31. Lee, M. J. (2017). Effects of trusting parents on self-regulatory ability of adolescents : the mediating effects of self-efficacy (Unpublished Doctoral thesis). Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  32. Lim, J. Y. (2018). Mediating effect of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation Sstrategies and negative affect on the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. Journal of Korea Contents Society, 18(12), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.12.185
  33. Ministry of Health and Welfare & Korean Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. (2020). 2020 national mental health survey. http://kstss.kr/?p=2065
  34. Ministry of Science and ICT. (2020). 2020 smartphone overdependence survey. Retrived April 7, 2021, from https://www.iapc.or.kr/mediaView.do?idx=28&article_id=ICCART_000000011302
  35. Moon, H. J. (2021). A phenomenological study of stress experience of college students displayed in non-face-to-face college life by COVID-19. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(11), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.11.233
  36. Mun, J. H. (2019). The effects of parents and child open type communication on smart phone addiction of middle school student : The mediating effects of self-regulation ability and peer relationship (Unpublished master's thesis). Myongji University, Seoul, Korea.
  37. National Information Society Agency. (2011). The study of development of smartphone addiction diagnostic scale, 6-12.
  38. National Information Society Agency. (2018). The survey on smart phone overdependence 2018.
  39. National Information Society Agency. (2020). The survey on smart phone overdependence 2020.
  40. Park, H. K. (2020). The effects of college students' life stress on smartphone addiction: The mediating effects of resilience (Unpublished master's thesis). Dongshin University, Naju, Korea.
  41. Park, H. K. & Kwon, J. H. (2019). The effects of college students' life stress on smartphone addiction: The mediating effects of resilience. 26(2), 131-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.15284/kjhd.2019.26.2.131
  42. Peng, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, B., Mao, H., Hu, R., & Jiang, H. (2021). Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction among college students during the 2019 coronavirus disease: The mediating roles of rumination and the moderating role of self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111222
  43. Mahapatra, S. (2019). Smartphone addiction and associated consequences: role of loneliness and self-regaulation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(8), 833-844. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1560499
  44. Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.5
  45. Seon, M. J., Ryou, B., & Jun, M. Y. A. (2019). Study on program development and effectiveness for the improvement of self-regulation ability of aggressive children. Korean Journal of Care Management, 33, 95-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22589/kaocm.2019.33.95
  46. Serra, G., Scalzo, L. L., Giuffre, M., Ferrara, P., & Corsello, G. (2021). Smartphone use and addiction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Cohort study on 184 Italian children and adolescents. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47(1), 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01102-8.
  47. Shin, Y. L., Jeong, C. Y., Yoon, S. H., Choi, E. J., Hwang, J. Y., & Kim, M. S. (2021). The relationship between stress and subjective well-being in college students in corona-19 situation: Mediating effects of family flexibility, cohesion and anxiety control. CNU Journal of Educational Studies, 42(2), 5-33. https://doi.org/10.18612/CNUJES.2021.42.2.5
  48. Sim, M. Y., Lee, O. Y., & Kim, E. H. (2016). The impact of family support on smartphone addiction of college students: Focusing on the mediating effects of stress and self-efficacy. Journal of Welfare and Counselling Education, 5(2), 27-47.
  49. Son, S. A., An, K. S., & Kim, S. K. (2006). The study on psychological factors affecting the self-regulation in adolescence. Studies on Korean Youth, 17(1), 127-148.
  50. Tavolacci, M. P., Ladner, J., & Grigioni, S., Richard, L., Villet, H., & Dechelotte, P. (2013). Prevalence and association of perceived stress, substance use and behavioral addictions: a cross-sectional study among university students in France, 2009-2011. BMC Public Health. 13(1), 724. https;//doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-724
  51. Tong, H. J. (2004). Model of SARS stress and it's character, Xin Li Zye Bao, 36, 103-109.
  52. Tschibelu, E. & Elman, I. (2011). Gender differences in psychosocial stress and it its relationship to gambling urges in individuals with pathological gambling. Journal of Addictive Disease, 30(1), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2010.531671
  53. Wemm, S., Fanean, A., Baker, A., Blough, E. R., Mewaldt, S., & Bardi, M. (2013). Problematic drinking and physiological responses among female college students. Alcohol, 47 (2), 149-157. https;//doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.006
  54. Yang, M. N. (2009). The relationship between the difference in parent-teacher evaluation of children's problem behavior and children's self-regulation ability (Unpublished master's thesis). Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  55. Yoon, Y. S. (2007). A study on self-regulatory ability of adolescents and its relationship with personality, parenting, behavior problems, and life stress (Unpublished Doctoral thesis). Sookmyun Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  56. Zhao, N. & Zhou, G. (2021). COVID-19 Stress and Addictive Social Media Use (SMU): Mediating Role of Active Use and Social Media Flow. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 09, Feb, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635546