Communications of Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집)

Korean Society of Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회)
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Comparative Research on Teaching Method for Multiplication by 2-Digit Numbers in Elementary Mathematics Textbooks of Korea, Japan, Singapore, and USA

한국, 일본, 싱가포르, 미국의 초등교과서에 제시된 곱하는 수가 두 자리 수인 자연수 곱셈 지도 내용의 비교 분석

  • Received : 2021.11.22
  • Accepted : 2021.12.21
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated how multiplication by 2-digit numbers had been taught in elementary mathematics textbooks of Korea, Japan, Singapore, and USA. As a result of analysis, we found as follows. Korean textbooks do not teach the multiplication by 10 and the multiplication by power of 10, but Japanese, Singapore, and US textbooks explicitly teach related content. In the '×tens' teaching, Japanese and American textbooks teach formally the law of association of multiplication applied in the process of calculating the partial product of multiplication. The standard multiplication algorithm generally followed a standard method of recording partial product result according to the law of distribution, but the differences were confirmed in the multiplication model, the teaching method of the law of distribution, and the notation of the last digit '0'. Based upon these results, we suggested some proposals for improving the multiplication teaching.

본 연구에서는 한국과 일본, 싱가포르, 미국의 초등학교 수학 교과서에서 곱하는 수가 두 자리 수인 자연수 곱셈 계산을 어떻게 제시하는지를 비교·분석하여 곱셈 지도 관련 교육적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 교과서 분석 결과, 우리나라 교과서는 10과 10의 거듭제곱의 곱을 별도로 지도하지 않는 반면, 일본, 싱가포르, 미국 교과서는 관련 내용을 명시하여 제시하고 있음을 확인하였다. '×(몇십)'의 지도에서는 일본과 미국 교과서가 자릿값에 따라 나누어 곱한 부분곱의 계산과정에서 적용되는 곱셈의 결합법칙 지도를 형식적으로 접근하고 있었다. 세로셈 계산 도식은 대체적으로 분배법칙에 따른 부분곱 계산을 자리를 맞추어 표기하는 표준적인 방식을 따르고 있었지만, 지도 모델과 분배법칙의 지도 방법, 끝 자리 '0'의 표기 등에서 차이가 확인되었다. 이상의 분석결과를 토대로 곱셈 지도와 관련한 시사점을 제안하였다.

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