Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

  • Yu, Seonhye (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • Chun, Eunho (Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University) ;
  • Ji, Yeounjung (Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University) ;
  • Lee, Young Joo (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University) ;
  • Jin, Mirim (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University)
  • Received : 2020.07.09
  • Accepted : 2021.03.26
  • Published : 2021.11.15
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Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologies are involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gut-brain axis may be an important factor. Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve brain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS. Methods: Three-day intracolonic zymosan injections were used to induce post-infectious human IBS-like symptoms in mice. The animals were randomized to receive either phosphate-buffered saline (CG) or RG (30/100/300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Amitriptyline and sulfasalazine were used as positive controls. Macroscopic scoring was performed on day 4. Visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by colorectal distension and elevated plus maze and open field tests, respectively, on day 10. Next-generation sequencing of gut microbiota was performed, and biomarkers involved in gut-brain axis responses were analyzed. Results: Compared to CG, RG significantly decreased the macroscopic score, frequency of visceral pain, and anxiety-like behavior in the IBS mice. These effects were comparable to those after sulfasalazine and amitriptyline treatments. Moreover, RG significantly increased the proliferation of beneficial microbes, including Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. RG significantly suppressed expression of IL-1β and c-fos in the gut and prefrontal cortex, respectively. Further, it restored the plasma levels of corticosterone to within the normal range, accompanied by an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone. Conclusion: RG may be a potential therapeutic option for the management of human IBS.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the (2019) grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng, Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF), funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (grant number: NRF-2019M3E5D5064771 and NRF-2018M3A9C4076473), and Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI20C0015).

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