Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Effects of Physical and Chemical Treatment as the Pretreatments on Microorganisms and Quality Characteristics of Allium monanthum

전처리 방법이 달래의 품질 특성과 미생물 저감에 미치는 영향

  • Shim, Hyun-Jeong (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seong, Ok-Lan (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Yong-Sik (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jang, Hyun-Wook (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hwang, Young (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 심현정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 성옥란 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 조용식 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 장현욱 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 황영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효가공식품과)
  • Received : 2021.11.26
  • Accepted : 2021.12.27
  • Published : 2021.12.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the microbial reduction and quality maintenance of the physical and chemical pretreatment of Allium monanthum. For physical treatment, handwash, bubble wash and ultrasonication were conducted at 50℃ and 60℃ for 1, 3 and 5 minutes, respectively, and for chemical treatment the sample was immersed in fumaric acid and acetic acid of 1.5% and 2% concentrations for 1, 3 and 5 minutes, respectively. As a result of the microorganism and quality analysis, 3 minutes of bubble wash was the most effective physical pretreatment in reducing fungi although the effect on reducing total viable bacterial was small. Furthermore, 5 minutes of ultrasonication at 60℃ significantly reduced microorganisms, but also resulted in the reduction of the a value of chromaticity, which cause the green color to fade. With chemical pretreatment, it was found that treating with fumaric acid was more effective in reducing the total viable bacteria and fungi than acetic acid. The result shows that 1.5% concentration of fumaric acid is the most effective with 3 minutes of treatment time. The quality of Allium monanthum were compared in the combination of the two most effective microorganism reduction pretreatments: 3 minutes of bubble wash (B3) and 3 minutes in 1.5% fumaric acid (F153). As a result of analyzing the quality characteristics over 9 days of storage at 4℃ after the treatments, it was revealed that the BF treatment is more effective in reducing fungi than the total viable bacteria. The results shows that the BF treatment is more effective in reducing total viable bacteria, whereas the F153 treatment is more effective in reducing fungi. Also, it was found that the 𝚫E value in BF was the lowest, whereas F153 treatment showed the green color faded. The maximum cohesiveness changed more significantly in the green stems than in the roots. On the 9th day of storage, the hardness of the green stem was found to be maintained at the highest level (P<0.05) after F153 treatment, whereas that of the roots decreased (P<0.05) since the 6th day after the bubble wash. Considering the reduction of microorganisms and the quality maintenance of Allium monanthum, the most effective pretreatment methods were 3 minutes in 1.5% fumaric acid for reducing microorganisms and maintaining color and maximum cohesiveness, and the combined process could also be effective if the expiration period is within 3 days.

달래의 전처리 방법을 통해 미생물 저감과 품질 유지 효과를 알아보기 위해 물리적인 처리로는 손 세척 1분, 버블 세척, Ultrasonication 처리를 50℃와 60℃의 온도에서 각각 1분, 3분, 5분 동안 세척하였고, 화학적 처리에서는 유기산인 푸마르산과 아세트산 용액 1.5%와 2% 농도에서 각각 1분, 3분, 5분 동안 침지 처리하였다. 미생물과 품질 분석 결과 물리적 처리에서는 버블 세척 3분이 곰팡이 저감에 효과적이었으나 일반세균 저감 효과는 적었고, Ultrasonication 60℃, 5분 처리에서 미생물 저감 효과가 가장 높았으나 색도의 a값이 증가하는 경향을 보여 녹색이 약해졌다. 화학적 처리에서는 acetic acid에 비해서 fumaric acid에서 일반세균과 곰팡이의 저감 효과가 높았으며, fumaric acid 1.5% 용액에서 3분 처리의 저감효과가 가장 높았다. 달래의 미생물 저감 효과가 좋은 버블세척 3분(B3), fumaric acid 1.5%, 3분 처리(F153), 두 가지 방법을 조합한 병합(BF) 처리를 실시하고 9일 동안 4℃에서 저장하며 품질 특성을 비교해 본 결과, 일반세균보다는 곰팡이 저감에 더 효과적이었으며, 일반세균은 BF가 곰팡이는 F153에서 미생물 감소 효과가 있었다. 색변화에 있어 BF 처리의 𝚫E값이 가장 낮았으며, 유기산 처리에서 색변화를 보여 F153에서 녹색이 약해졌다. 최대응집력 변화 알뿌리 보다는 녹색 줄기에서 현격히 나타났는데 저장 9일 차에 F153처리에서 녹색 줄기의 경도가 가장 높게 유지되었고(P<0.05), 알뿌리 부분은 물리적 방법인 버블 세척 시 6일차부터 다른 처리에 비해 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 달래의 미생물 저감과 품질의 유지를 고려할 때 전처리 방법으로는 fumaric acid 1.5%용액으로 3분 처리 시 미생물 저감 효과와 색·최대응집력의 특성 유지가 우수하였고, 3일 이내의 유통기간이라면 병합 처리도 효과적인 방법으로 적용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 공동연구사업(과제번호 : PJ01528106)의 연구비 지원으로 수행된 과제로 이에 감사드립니다.

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