Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
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Temperament characteristics of children with persistent and recovered stuttering: A longitudinal study

말더듬이 지속된 아동과 회복된 아동의 기질 특성 비교: 종단연구

  • Chon, HeeCheong (Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Chosun University)
  • 전희정 (조선대학교 언어치료학과)
  • Received : 2021.11.16
  • Accepted : 2021.12.09
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the temperament characteristics associated with stuttering subtypes (persistent and recovered) over time and the relationship between those characteristics and stuttering severity. This four-year longitudinal study covered 41 preschool children who stutter (CWS) and 30 preschool children who do not stutter (the CWNS group). At the final visit, 27 CWS were classified as the Recovered group and 14 CWS were classified as the Persistent group. Using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form, each participant's temperament characteristics were measured twice: at one year and two years after the initial visit. The three subscale scores (Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control) and the 15 component scores were analyzed, and they were used for between-group and between-visit comparisons. The Persistent group showed a significantly higher Negative Affectivity subscale score at every visit than the Recovered and CWNS groups. Within this subscale, significant group differences were found in the 'Fear' and 'Anger/Frustration' components, demonstrating that the Persistent group scored higher than the Recovered and CWNS groups. There was no significant correlation between the subscale and component scores and the stuttering severity scores within the Persistent group at any visit. These results support the proposition that these two stuttering subtypes have different temperament characteristics; they also imply that temperament might be influenced by stuttering experience over time.

본 연구의 목적은 말더듬의 지속과 회복에 따른 하위유형의 기질 특성을 종단적으로 비교하고, 외현적 말더듬 중증도와 기질 특성의 관련성을 살피는 것이었다. 연구 참여자는 학령전 아동으로 41명의 말더듬 아동(CWS, children who stutter)과 30명의 말을 더듬지 않는 아동(CWNS, children who do not stutter)이었다. 아동들은 4년간 종단연구에 참여하였으며, 마지막 평가에 참여하였을 때 전체 CWS 중 27명은 말더듬이 회복된 아동으로, 14명은 말더듬이 지속된 아동으로 최종 진단되었다. 각 아동의 기질 특성은 유아기질척도-간편형을 사용하여 평가하였으며, 기질 평가는 첫 평가 이후 1년이 지난 시점과 첫 평가 이후 2년이 지난 시점에서 각각 이루어졌다. 기질 특성 비교를 위해 유아기질척도-간편형의 상위요인(외향성, 부정적 정서, 의도적 통제)과 15개의 하위영역 점수를 분석하였으며, 집단과 평가 시점에 따른 차이를 각각 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 말더듬이 지속된 아동 집단은 말더듬이 회복된 아동 집단과 CWNS보다 상위요인인 부정적 정서 점수가 평가 시점과 관계없이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 말더듬이 지속된 아동 집단은 다른 아동 집단보다 부정적 정서를 구성하는 하위영역인 '공포'와 '분노/좌절' 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 말더듬이 지속된 아동 집단을 대상으로 평가 시점별로 외현적 말더듬 중증도와 기질의 상위요인 및 하위영역 점수 간 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 외현적 말더듬 중증도와 기질 특성은 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 기질 특성이 말더듬의 지속 및 회복과 관련 있는 요인이라는 이론적 관점을 지지하며, 시간이 지남에 따라 기질이 말더듬으로 인한 반복적인 경험의 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders의 연구비(# R01-DC05210, First PI: Ehud Yairi; second PI: Nicoline G. Ambrose) 지원을 받았음.

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