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Korean Meteorological Society (한국기상학회)
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Calculations of the Single-Scattering Properties of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals: Toward Physically Consistent Cloud Microphysics and Radiation

비구형 빙정의 단일산란 특성 계산: 물리적으로 일관된 구름 미세물리와 복사를 향하여

  • Um, Junshik (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jang, Seonghyeon (BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Division of Earth Environmental System, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeonggyu (BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Division of Earth Environmental System, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Sungmin (BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Division of Earth Environmental System, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jung, Heejung (BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Division of Earth Environmental System, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Han, Suji (BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Division of Earth Environmental System, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Yunseo (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 엄준식 (부산대학교 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 장성현 (부산대학교 BK21 지구환경시스템 교육연구단, 지구환경시스템학부 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 김정규 (부산대학교 BK21 지구환경시스템 교육연구단, 지구환경시스템학부 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 박성민 (부산대학교 BK21 지구환경시스템 교육연구단, 지구환경시스템학부 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 정희정 (부산대학교 BK21 지구환경시스템 교육연구단, 지구환경시스템학부 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 한수지 (부산대학교 BK21 지구환경시스템 교육연구단, 지구환경시스템학부 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 이윤서 (부산대학교 대기환경과학과)
  • Received : 2021.02.17
  • Accepted : 2021.03.12
  • Published : 2021.03.31
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Abstract

The impacts of ice clouds on the energy budget of the Earth and their representation in climate models have been identified as important and unsolved problems. Ice clouds consist almost exclusively of non-spherical ice crystals with various shapes and sizes. To determine the influences of ice clouds on solar and infrared radiation as required for remote sensing retrievals and numerical models, knowledge of scattering and microphysical properties of ice crystals is required. A conventional method for representing the radiative properties of ice clouds in satellite retrieval algorithms and numerical models is to combine measured microphysical properties of ice crystals from field campaigns and pre-calculated single-scattering libraries of different shapes and sizes of ice crystals, which depend heavily on microphysical and scattering properties of ice crystals. However, large discrepancies between theoretical calculations and observations of the radiative properties of ice clouds have been reported. Electron microscopy images of ice crystals grown in laboratories and captured by balloons show varying degrees of complex morphologies in sub-micron (e.g., surface roughness) and super-micron (e.g., inhomogeneous internal and external structures) scales that may cause these discrepancies. In this study, the current idealized models representing morphologies of ice crystals and the corresponding numerical methods (e.g., geometric optics, discrete dipole approximation, T-matrix, etc.) to calculate the single-scattering properties of ice crystals are reviewed. Current problems and difficulties in the calculations of the single-scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals are addressed in terms of cloud microphysics. Future directions to develop physically consistent ice-crystal models are also discussed.

Keywords

References

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