DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Exploring White Preservice Mathematics Teachers' Racial Identity and Culturally Relevant Teaching Practices

  • 투고 : 2021.03.08
  • 심사 : 2021.03.30
  • 발행 : 2021.03.31

초록

The purpose of this study was to examine what factors affect the construction of preservice white mathematics teachers' racial identities and the relationship between their racial identities and Culturally Relevant Teaching (CRT) practices. We examined five white female preservice teachers who enrolled in an elementary mathematics methods course at a private university in the US. We collected data consisting of lesson plans, semi-structured interviews, and reflection of a taught lesson in the 2018 fall term and examined them using qualitative research methods. We found that preservice teachers' racial identities were affected by their backgrounds, K-12 school experiences, and practicum school environment. We also found a relationship between teachers' sensitivity to racial issues and their endorsement of CRT strategies. The findings also revealed that the relationships were mediated by practicum school contexts. Based on the findings, we provided practical implications for the teacher education programs.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Applebaum, B. (2016, June 09). Critical whiteness studies. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Retrieved 1 Feb. 2021, from https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-5.
  2. Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M. (2019). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
  3. Barnes, M. E. (2017). Practicing what we preach in teacher education: A critical whiteness studies analysis of experiential education. Studying Teacher Education, 13(3), 294-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2017.1365701
  4. Bensimon, E. M. (1994). Multicultural teaching and learning. University Park, PA: National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning & Assessment.
  5. Bollin, G. G., & Finkel, J. (1995). White racial identity as a barrier to understanding diversity: A study of preservice teachers. Equity and Excellence in Education, 28(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1066568950280105
  6. Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). The 2008 elections and the future of anti-racism in 21st century America or how we got drunk with Obama's hope liquor and failed to see reality. Humanity & Society, 34(3), 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059761003400302
  7. Common Core State Standards Initiative. (2010). Common core state standards for mathematics. Washington, DC: Author.
  8. Delpit, L. (2006). Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York, NY: The New Press.
  9. Dixon-Roman, E. J. (2017). Inheriting possibility: Social reproduction and quantification in education. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  10. Dornoo, M. (2014). Pre-service teachers' attitudes and beliefs in relation to teaching mathematics equitably to all students. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 1(5), 48-58.
  11. Downey, J. A., & Cobbs, G. A. (2007). "I actually learned a lot from this": A field assignment to prepare future preservice math teachers for culturally diverse classrooms. School Science and Mathematics, 107(1), 391-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2007.tb17762.x
  12. Flintoff, A., Dowling, F., & Fitzgerald, H. (2015). Working through whiteness, race and (anti) racism in physical education teacher education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 20(5), 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2014.962017
  13. Fryberg, S. A. (2010). Constructing junior faculty of color as strugglers: The implications for tenure and promotion. In D. Little & S. P. Mohanty (Eds.), The future of diversity (pp. 181-217). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  14. Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching (2nd ed). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  15. Gee, J. P. (2001). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25, 99-125. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X025001099
  16. Gomez, M. L., Allen, A. R., & Clinton, K. (2004). Cultural models of care in teaching: A case study of one pre-service secondary teacher. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(5), 473-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.04.005
  17. Gutierrez, R. (2013). Why (urban) mathematics teachers need political knowledge. Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 6(2), 7-19.
  18. Haviland, V. S. (2008). "Things get glossed over": Rearticulating the silencing power of whiteness in education. Journal of Teacher Education, 59(1), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487107310751
  19. Howard, T. C., & del Rosario, C. D. (2000). Talking race in teacher education: The need for racial dialogue in teacher education programs. Action in Teacher Education, 21(4), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2000.10462986
  20. Irvine, J. J., & Armento, B. J. (2001). Culturally responsive teaching: Lesson planning for elementary and middle grades. Education Review, 34(1), 39-81.
  21. James, W. (1977). A pluralistic universe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  22. Jupp, J. C., & Slattery, P. (2010). White male teachers on difference: Narratives of contact and tensions. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 23(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390903107499
  23. Ladson- Billings, G. (1995). But that's just good teaching: The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory into Practice, 34(3), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543675
  24. Lawrence, S. M. (1997). Beyond race awareness: White racial identity and multicultural teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 48(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487197048002004
  25. Liggett, T. (2009). Unpacking white racial identity in English language teacher education. In R. Kubota & A. Lin (Eds.), Race, culture, and identities in second language education: Exploring critically engaged practice (pp. 27-43). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  26. Martin, D. B. (2009). Researching race in mathematics education. Teachers College Record, 111(2), 295-338. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100208
  27. Matias, C. E., & Mackey, J. (2016). Breaking down whiteness in antiracist teaching: Introducing critical whiteness pedagogy. The Urban Review, 48(1), 32-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-015-0344-7
  28. McIntyre, A. (1997). Making meaning of whiteness: Exploring racial identity with white teachers. New York, NY: State University of New York Press
  29. McLaren, P. (1994). White terror and oppositional agency: Towards a critical multiculturalism. In D. T. Goldberg (Ed.), Multiculturalism: A critical reader (pp. 45-74). Oxford: Blackwell.
  30. Michael, A., & Conger, M. C. (2009). Becoming an anti-racist white ally: How a white affinity group can help. Perspectives on Urban Education, 6(1), 56-60.
  31. Milner, H. R. (2017). Opening commentary: The permanence of racism, critical race theory, and expanding analytic sites. Peabody Journal of Education, 92(3), 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2017.1324656
  32. Nasir, N. I. S. (2002). Identity, goals, and learning: Mathematics in cultural practice. Mathematical thinking and learning, 4(2-3), 213-247. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327833MTL04023_6
  33. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author.
  34. Neville, H. A., Awad, G. H., Brooks, J. E., Flores, M. P., & Bluemel, J. (2013). Color-blind racial ideology: Theory, training, and measurement implications in psychology. American Psychologist, 68(6), 455. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033282
  35. Picower, B. (2009). The unexamined whiteness of teaching: How white teachers maintain and enact dominant racial ideologies. Race Ethnicity and Education, 12(2), 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320902995475
  36. Sleeter, C. (2016). Wrestling with problematics of whiteness in teacher education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(8), 1065-1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1174904
  37. Sleeter, C. E. (2001). Preparing teachers for culturally diverse schools: Research and the overwhelming presence of whiteness. Journal of Teacher Education, 52(2), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487101052002002
  38. Smitherman, G. (1973). White English in blackface or, Who do I be?. The Black Scholar, 4(8), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1973.11431318
  39. Solomona, R. P., Portelli, J. P., Daniel, B. J., & Campbell, A. (2005). The discourse of denial: How white teacher candidates construct race, racism and 'white privilege'. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(2), 147-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320500110519
  40. Strutchens, M., Bay-Williams, J., Civil, M., Chval, K., Malloy, C. E., White, D. Y., ... & Berry, R. Q. (2012). Foregrounding equity in mathematics teacher education. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 15(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-011-9202-z
  41. Tran, N., & Paterson, S. E. (2015). "American" as a proxy for "whiteness": Racial color-blindness in everyday life. Women & Therapy, 38(3), 341-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2015.1059216
  42. Utt, J., & Tochluk, S. (2020). White teacher, know thyself: Improving anti-racist praxis through racial identity development. Urban Education, 55(1), 125-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916648741
  43. Vaught, S. E., & Castagno, A. E. (2008). "I don't think I'm a racist": Critical race theory, teacher attitudes, and structural racism. Race Ethnicity and education, 11(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320802110217
  44. Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  45. Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race ethnicity and education, 8(1), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006
  46. Young, E. (2010). Challenges to conceptualizing and actualizing culturally relevant pedagogy: How viable is the theory in classroom practice?. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(3), 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487109359775