DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A coupled experimental and numerical simulation of concrete joints' behaviors in tunnel support using concrete specimens

  • Zhou, Fei (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hubei University of Arts and Science) ;
  • Sarfarazi, Vahab (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology) ;
  • Haeri, Hadi (State Key Laboratory for Deep GeoMechanics and Underground Engineering) ;
  • Soleymanipargoo, Mohammad Hosein (Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University) ;
  • Fu, Jinwei (School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power) ;
  • Marji, Mohammad Fatehi (Department of Mine Exploitation Engineering, Faculty of Mining and metallurgy, Institute of Engineering, Yazd University)
  • 투고 : 2020.04.05
  • 심사 : 2021.07.07
  • 발행 : 2021.08.25

초록

The experimentally tested modelled specimens were simulated by a two-dimensional particle flow code to study the behavior of rock mass surrounding a tunnel interacted with a nearby rock joint or discontinuity. The specially prepared specimens are tested in the laboratory and the measured results are provided. Then a numerical modelling of these tests is accomplished by a calibrated two-dimensional particle flow code to study the rock tunnel behavior while interacting with a neighboring joint. The two-dimensional discrete element code was calibrated using Brazilian tensile test. Then the modelled specimens are provided so that various configurations of tunnel cross sections and the neighboring joints were tested under uniaxial compression condition. This study showed that the tensile cracks are the most dominant mode occurred in these modelled samples. The wing cracks initiated from the joint tips when the joints interacted in a position less than that of the tunnel height. These cracks are then propagated and interacted with the tunnel ceiling. When the joint interacting the tunnel head and the interaction angle is negative the tunnel can be in a stable position considering the joints effect on its instability situation. But for positive interaction angles and the case of joint existing near the tunnel head, the wing cracks may initiate and propagate towards the tunnel ceiling. As the distance of joint from the tunnel ceiling is increased its effect on the tunnel instability is decreased because the failure stress is increased. The number of joints and their distance with the tunnel boundary (ceiling) have also a profound effect on the stability condition of the tunnel. The failure stress reached its maximum value for the increase from -30 to -60 degrees or increase from 30 to 60 degrees. The failure stress also decreased as the number of notches and their lengths increased. In all these interaction scenarios, the corresponding numerical and experimental values compared and it is concluded that the failure stresses are very close to each other which verified the accuracy and applicability of the proposed modeling technic.

키워드

과제정보

This work was financially supported by Scientific research plan guiding project of Hubei Provincial Education Department (B2020143); Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle,Hubei University of Arts and Science (XKQ2021030).

참고문헌

  1. Boumaaza, M., Bezazi, A., Bouchelaghem, H., Benzennache, N., Amziane, S. and Scarpa, F. (2017), "Behavior of pre-cracked deep beams with composite materials repairs", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(5), 575-583. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.5.575.
  2. Chehade, F.H. and Shahrour, I. (2008), "Numerical analysis of the interaction between twin-tunnels: Influence of the relative position and construction procedure", Tunn. Underg. Sp. Tech., 23, 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.03.004.
  3. Chen, R.P., Zhu, J., Liu, W. and Tang, X.W. (2011), "Ground movement induced by parallel EPB tunnels in silty soils", Tunn. Underg. Sp. Tech., 26(1), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.09.004.
  4. Chung, J.S., Moon, I.K. and Yoo, C.H. (2013), "Behaviour characteristics of tunnel in the cavity ground by using scale model tests", J. Korean Geo-Environ. Soc., 14(12), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2013.14.12.061.
  5. Das, R., Singh, P.K., Kainthoal, A., Panthee, S. and Singh, T.N. (2017), "Numerical analysis of surface subsidence in asymmetric parallel highway tunnels", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 9, 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.11.009.
  6. Gercek, H. (2005), "Interaction between parallel underground openings", The 19th International Mining Congress and Fair of Turkey, 73-81
  7. Ghaboussi, J. and Ranken, R.E. (1977), "Interaction between two parallel tunnels", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meter., 1(1), 75-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610010107.
  8. Golewski, G. (2019), "A new principles for implementation and operation of foundations for machines: A review of recent advances", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(3), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.3.317.
  9. Golewski, G. (2020), "Changes in the fracture toughness under Mode II loading of Low Calcium Fly Ash (LCFA) concrete depending on ages", Mater., 13, 5241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225241.
  10. Golewski, G. (2021), "Evaluation of fracture processes under shear with the use of DIC technique in fly ash concrete and accurate measurement of crack path lengths with the use of a new crack tip tracking method", Measure., 181, 109632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109632.
  11. Golewski, G. (2021), "The beneficial effect of the addition of fly ash on reduction of the size of microcracks in the ITZ of concrete composites under dynamic loading", Energi., 14, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030668.
  12. Golewski, G. (2021), "Validation of the favorable quantity of fly ash in concrete and analysis of crack propagation and its length - Using the crack tip tracking (CTT) method - In the fracture toughness examinations under Mode II, through digital image correlation", Constr. Build. Mater., 296, 122362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122362.
  13. Haeri, H. and Sarfarazi, V. (2016), "Numerical simulation of tensile failure of concrete using Particle Flow Code (PFC)", Comput. Concrete, 18(1), 39-51. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.1.039.
  14. Haeri, H., Khaloo, A. and Marji, M.F. (2015), "Experimental and numerical simulation of the microcrack coalescence mechanism in rock-like materials", Strength Mater., 47(5), 740-754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-015-9711-6.
  15. Haeri, H., Khaloo, A. and Marji, M.F. (2015), "Experimental and numerical analysis of Brazilian discs with multiple parallel cracks", Arab. J. Geosci., 8(8), 5897-5908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1598-1.
  16. Hosseini_Nasab, H. and Fatehi Marji, M. (2007), "A semi-infinite higher-order displacement discontinuity method and its application to the quasistatic analysis of radial cracks produced by blasting", J. Mech. Mater. Struct., 2(3), 439-458. https://doi.org/10.2140/jomms.2007.2.439.
  17. Hsiao, F.Y., Wang, C.L. and Chern, J.C. (2009), "Numerical simulation of rock deformation for support design in tunnel intersection area", Tunn. Underg. Sp. Tech., 24, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.01.003.
  18. Huang, X., Huang, H. and Zhang, J. (2012), "Flattening of jointed shield-driven tunnel induced by longitudinal differential settlements", Tunn. Underg. Sp. Tech., 31, 20-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.04.002.
  19. Itasca Consulting Group Inc. (2004), Particle Fow Code in 2-Dimensions (PFC2D), Version 3.10, Minneapolis.
  20. Jung, M.C., Hwang, J.S, Kim, J.S, Kim, S.W. and Baek, S.C. (2014), "Influence of the existing cavern on the stability of adjacent tunnel excavation by small-scale model tests", J. Korean Geo-Environ. Soc., 15(12), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2014.15.12.117.
  21. Kang, J.G., Yang, H.S. and Jang, S.J. (2014), "Stability analysis of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel", J. Korean Tunn. Underg. Sp. Assoc., 24(5), 344-353. https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.344.
  22. Kequan, Y.U. and Zhoudao, L.U. (2015), "Influence of softening curves on the residual fracture toughness of post-fire normal-strength concrete", Comput. Concrete, 15(2), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.2.199.
  23. Kim, J.H. and Kim, J.W. (2017), "Stability estimation of the pillar between twin tunnels considering various site conditions", J. Korean Tunn. Underg. Sp. Assoc., 27(2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2017.27.2.109.
  24. Kim, J.K. and Lee, S. (2013), "A study on the estimation of the behaviors by compression method of rock pillar between close parallel tunnels", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 29(12), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2013.29.12.87.
  25. Kim, J.W. and Bae, W.S. (2008), "A study for the stability investigation of three parallel tunnels using scaled model tests", J. Korean Tunn. Underg. Sp. Assoc., 18(4), 300311.
  26. Kim, W.B., Yang, H.S. and Ha, T.H. (2012), "An assessment of rock pillar behavior in very near parallel tunnel", J. Korean Tunn. Underg. Sp. Assoc., 22(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2012.22.1.060.
  27. Kovari, K. (2003), "History of the sprayed concrete lining method-part II: milestones up to the 1960s", Tunn. Underg. Space Technol., 18(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00006-3.
  28. Lee, J.W. and Lee, J.Y. (2018), "A transfer matrix method for inplane bending vibrations of tapered beams with axial force and multiple edge cracks", Struct. Eng. Mech., 66(1), 125-138. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.1.125.
  29. Li, X., Yan, Z., Wang, Z. and Zhu, H. (2015), "Experimental and analytical study on longitudinal joint opening of concrete segmental lining", Tunn. Underg. Space Technol., 46, 52-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.11.002.
  30. Li, X.G. and Yuan, D.J. (2012), "Response of a double-decked metro tunnel to shield driving of twin closely under-crossing tunnels", Tunn. Underg. Space Technol., 28, 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.08.005.
  31. Lim, H.M. and Son, K.R. (2014), "The stability analysis of near parallel tunnels pillar at multi-layered soil with shallow depth by numerical analysis", J. Korean Geo-Environ. Soc., 15(1), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2014.15.1.53.
  32. Liu, H.Y., Small, J.C., Carter, J.P. and Williams, D.J. (2009), "Effects of tunnelling on existing support systems of perpendicularly crossing tunnels", Comput. Geotech., 36(5), 880-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.01.013.
  33. Monfared, M.M. (2017), "Mode III SIFs for interface cracks in an FGM coating-substrate system", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(1), 78-95. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.1.071.
  34. Nabil, B., Abdelkader, B., Miloud, A. and Noureddine, B. (2012), "On the mixed-mode crack propagation in FGMs plates: comparison of different criteria", Struct. Eng. Mech., 61(3), 201-213. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.3.371.
  35. Pan, B., Gao, Y. and Zhong, Y. (2014), "Theoretical analysis of overlay resisting crack propagation in old cement concrete pavement", Struct. Eng. Mech., 52(4) 167-181. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.52.4.829.
  36. Potyondy, D.O. and Cundall, P.A. (2004), "A bonded-particle model for rock", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41(8), 1329-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.011.
  37. Ramadoss, P. and Nagamani, K. (2013), "Stress-strain behavior and toughness of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete in compression", Comput. Concrete, 11(2), 55-65. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.11.2.149.
  38. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. (2018), "Two new triangular finite elements containing stable open cracks", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65(1), 99-110. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.1.099.
  39. Shi, J., Ng, C.W.W. and Chen, Y. (2015), "Three-dimensional numerical parametric study of the influence of basement excavation on existing tunnel", Comput. Geotech., 63, 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.09.002.
  40. Shin, J.H., Potts, D.M. and Zdravkovic, L. (2005), "The effect of pore-water pressure on NATM tunnel linings in decomposed granite soil", Can. Geotech. J., 42(6), 1585-1599. https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-072.
  41. Xie, J., Gunn, M.J. and Rahim, A. (2004), "Collapse analysis for two parallel circular tunnels with different diameters in soil", Numerical Models in Geomechanics, NUMOG IX, 421-426.
  42. Yaylac, M. (2016), "The investigation crack problem through numerical analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 57(6), 1143-1156. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.6.1143.
  43. Ye, F., Gou, C.F., Sun, H.D., Liu, Y.P., Xia, Y.X. and Zhou, Z. (2014), "Model test study on effective ratio of segment transverse bending rigidity of shield tunnel", Tunn. Underg. Space Technol., 41, 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.12.011.