Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science

Korean society of Biological Nursing Science (한국기초간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Differences in Body Weight, Dietary Efficiency, Brain Obesity Control Factor (AMPK), Reactive Oxygen Species (MDA), and Antioxidant Enzymes (SOD) in Young Mice According to the Intensity of Aerobic Exercise for 8 Weeks

8주간의 유산소 운동강도에 따른 어린 생쥐의 체중, 식이효율, 뇌의 비만조절 인자(AMPK), 활성산소(MDA), 항산화효소(SOD)의 차이

  • Jeon, Mi Yang (College of Nursing.Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 전미양 (경상국립대학교 간호대학.건강과학연구원)
  • Received : 2021.07.29
  • Accepted : 2021.08.27
  • Published : 2021.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how different aerobic exercise intensities affected AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in young mice during an 8-week period. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged seven weeks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), low-intensity exercise (n=10), moderate-intensity exercise (n=10), and high-intensity exercise (n=10). For eight weeks, aerobic activity was performed once a day for 35-40 minutes, five days a week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared tests, and the Tukey test in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Weight (p=.001) was substantially different between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in AMPK (p<.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=.136) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=.521). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased AMPK activation and helped young mice shed weight.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2018년도 경상국립대학교 연구년제 연구교수 연구지원비에 의하여 수행되었음.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019): situation report-85 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 May 4 [cited 2020 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
  2. Central Disaster Management Headquarters. Coronavirus Disease-19 cases in Korea [Internet]. Cheongju: Central Disaster Management Headquarters; 2021 [cited 2021 July 15]. Available from:http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en/
  3. Chung IJ, Lee SJ, Kang HJ. Changes in children's everyday life and emotional conditions due to the COVID-19 pendemic. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare. 2020;69(3):59-90. https://doi.org/10.24300/jkscw.2020.12.69.4.59
  4. Graversen L, Sorensen TI, Petersen L, Sovio U, Kaakinen M, Sandbaek A, et al. Preschool weight and body mass index in relation to central obesity and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e89986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089986
  5. Summerbell CD, Moore HJ, Vogele C, Kreichauf S, Wildgruber A, Manios Y, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the development of obesity prevention programs targeted at preschool children. Obesity Reviews. 2012;13 Suppl 1:129-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00940.x
  6. Bluher M. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes. 2009;117:241-250. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1192044
  7. Kajimura S, Seale P, Spiegelman BM. Transcriptional control of brown fat development. Cell Metabolism. 2010;11:257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.005
  8. Rosen ED, Sarraf P, Troy AE, Bradwin G, Moore K, Milstone DS, et al. PPARγ is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Molecular Cell. 1999;4(4):611-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80211-7
  9. Uldry M, Yang W, St-Pierre J, Lin J, Seale P, Spiegelman BM. Complementary action of the PGC-1 coactivators in mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat differentiation. Cell Metabolism. 2006;3(5):333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.002
  10. Wan Z, Root-McCaig J, Castellani L, Kemp BE, Steinberg GR, Wright DC. Evidence for the role of AMPK in regulating PGC-1 alpha expression and mitochondrial proteins in mouse epididymal adipose tissue. Obesity. 2014;22(3): 730-738. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20605
  11. Jeon MY, Nervous system. in: Jeong HC. Jeon MY. editor. Human anatomy. 1st ed. Seoul: hyunmoon; 2020. p.445-446.
  12. Foretz M, Violett B. Regulation of hepatic metabolism by AMPK. Journal of Hepatology. 2011;54(4):827-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.09.014
  13. Canto C, Auwerx J. PGC-1alpha, SIRT1 and AMPK, an energy sensing network that controls energy expenditure. Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2009; 20(2):98-105. https://doi.org/10.1097/mol.0b013e328328d0a4
  14. Marin TL, Gongol B, Zhang F, Martin M, Johnson DA, Xiao H, et al. AMPK promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function by phosphorylating the epigenetic factors DNMT1, RBBP7, and HAT1. Science Signaling. 2017;10(464): eaaf7478. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaf7478
  15. Sutherland LN, Bomhof MR, Capozzi LC, Basaraba SA, Wright DC. Exercise and adrenaline increase PGC-1α mRNA expression in rat adipose tissue. The Journal of Physiology. 2009;587:1607-1617. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2008.165464
  16. Foretz M, Even P, Viollet B. AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(9):2826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092826
  17. Jeon SM. Regulation and function of AMPK in physiology and diseases. Experimental Molecular Medicine. 2016;48:e245. https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2016.81
  18. Day EA, Ford RJ, Steinberg GR. AMPK as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabalism. 2017;28(8):545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.004
  19. Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2019;18:527-551. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2
  20. Smith B.K, Marcinko K, Desjardins EM, Lally JS, Ford RJ, Steinberg GR. Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of AMPK. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;311(4):E730-E740. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00225.2016
  21. Khalafi M, Mohebbi H, Symonds ME, Karimi P, Akbari A, Faridnia TE, et al. The impact of moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training on adipogenesis and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese male rats. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):925. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040925
  22. Lee JH, Zhang D, Kwak SE, Shin HE, Song W. Effects of exercise and a high-fat, high-sucrose restriction diet on metabolic indicators, Nr4a3, and mitochondria-associated protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice with diet-induced obesity. Journal of Obesity Metabolic Syndrome. 2021;30(1):44-54. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes20043
  23. Higdon JV, Frei B. Obesity and oxidativestress: a direct link to CVD? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003;23(3):365-367. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000063608.43095.E2
  24. Vincent HK, Innes KE, Vincent KR. Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism. 2007;9(6):813-839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00692.x
  25. Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Moroni C, Savino S, Liuzzi A, Balzola F, et al. Paraoxonase activity in high-density lipoproteins: a comparison between healthy and obese females. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 2005;90(3): 1728-1733. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0486
  26. Chen X, An X, Chen D, Te M, Shen W, Han W, et al. Chronic exercise training improved aortic endothelial and mitochondrial function via an AMPKα2-dependent manner. Frontiers Physiology. 2016;7:631. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00631
  27. Sousa AS, Sponton ACS, Trifone CB, Delbin MA. Aerobic exercise training prevents perivascular adipose tissue- induced endothelial dysfunction in thoracic aorta of obese mice. Frontiers Physiology. 2019;10:1009. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01009
  28. Tanaka LY, Bechara LRG, dos Santos AM, Jordao CP, de Sousa LG, Bartholomeu T, et al. Exercise improves endothelial function: a local analysis of production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Nitric Oxide. 2015;45:7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.003
  29. Bond B, Hind S, Williams CA, Barker AR. The acute effect of exercise intensity on vascular function in adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2015;47(12):2628- 2635. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000715
  30. Kwak AJ, Choi KH, Park YH, Kim YW. Thermogenic response to fasting and exercise in different aged rats. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2004;47 (10)1100-1105.
  31. Yang JY, Lee JK, Kim YM, Kim KC, Kim HS. The changes of nitric oxide synthase after spinal cord injury according to the age in rats. The Journal of the Korean orthopaedic association. 2006;41(4):703-710. https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2006.41.4.703
  32. Romero EM, Fernandez B, Sagredo O, Gomez N, Uriguen L, Guaza C, et al. Antinocieptive, behaviouraland neuroendocrine effects of CP 55,940 in young rats. Developmental Brain Research. 2002;136(2):85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00306-1
  33. Venditti P, Di Meo S. Effects of training on antioxidant capacity, tissue damage and endurance of adult male rats. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18(7):497-502. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972671
  34. Li YX, Zhang L, Kim SH. Effects of aerobic exercise and intermittent dieting on food intake and weight in rats. The Korea Journal of Sports Science. 2021;30(1): 853-862. http://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2021.2.30.1.853
  35. Bostrom P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC1--dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 2012;481:463-468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777
  36. Little JP, Safdar A, Bishop D, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. An acute bout of ighintensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1alpha and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2011;300: R1303-R1310. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00538.2010
  37. Huang CC, Wang T, Tung YT, Lin WT. Effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle SIRT1 and PGC-1 expression levels in rats of dierent age. International Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016:13(4):260-270. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.14586
  38. Kim JH, Jeon YK, Kim JW, Lee JY, Cho WJ. Influence of antioxidant enzyme and apoptotic factor by different according to intensities regulary aerobic exer\-cise in older rats. Korean Journal of Sport Science. 2011;20(4):911-921.
  39. Song GS, Kwon SJ, Kwon SO. The effect of low intensity treadmill exercise and full spectrum irradiation on antioxidant enzyme in rats. Exercise Science. 2014;23(2):159-169. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2014.23.2.159