Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Monitoring on the Vegetation Structure and Dynamics of Abies Koreana Populations in Jirisan National Park

지리산국립공원 구상나무개체군의 식생구조와 동태 모니터링

  • 전영문 (송광생태연구소) ;
  • 김상민 (순천대학교 대학원) ;
  • 박은희 (국립공원공단 자원보전처) ;
  • 박선홍 (국립공원공단 지리산국립공원전남사무소) ;
  • 이호영 (한길숲연구소) ;
  • 김진원 (국립공원연구원 융합연구부)
  • Received : 2021.04.12
  • Accepted : 2021.07.22
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

We established and monitored survey sites in seven regions of Mt. Jiri to investigate population decline and change of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. With the exception of one site (Seseok), the six remaining ones all showed a four-layer stratification structure. The importance value of Korean firs in all of the survey areas decreased significantly by 28.5%, from 55.7% in 2009 to 39.8% in 2018. The average population of objects with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5cm or more in all survey sites was 711 objects/ha in 2018, and the cumulative death rate from 2009 to 2018 was 10.8%. Among the death types, DS (dead standing) was the most dominant, comprising 82.4% of the total survey area. However, in Banyabong 1, which had a high gradient of 35°, the death types other than DS accounted for 44.2%. We estimate that A. koreana can maintain a stable population as its distribution type for each diameter class in the Saeseokpyeongjeon site showed a reverse-J shape. The average annual ring growth in all survey sites was 1.09 mm/year, with the most abundant growth observed in the Seseokpyeongjeon site, which was formed mainly by a subtree layer. The growth ring survey showed the estimated average age of A. koreana population in the Byeoksoryeong and Banyabong 1 sites to be 102 and 91 years, respectively, a general downward trend of vitality since 2013.

지리산 구상나무개체군의 쇠퇴 요인과 군락의 변화양상을 파악하기 위하여 7개 지역에 조사구를 설치하여 2009년부터 2018년까지 모니터링을 실시하였다. 세석조사구를 제외한 6개 조사구의 층상구조는 4층구조를 나타내었으며, 조사구 전체를 대상으로 한 구상나무의 중요치는 2009년 55.7%에서 2018년 39.8%로 2009년 대비 28.5%라는 큰 폭의 감소율을 보였다. 흉고직경 5cm 이상의 개체수에서는 조사구 전체 평균이 2018년 711개체/ha 이며, 2009년부터 2018년까지의 누적 고사율 평균은 10.8% 이다. 고사 유형에서는 서서 고사하는 유형(Dead Standing, DS)이 조사구 전체의 82.4%로 가장 우세하게 나타났으며, 입지의 경사도가 35° 로 높은 반야봉1 조사구의 경우 DS유형을 제외한 기타 유형이 44.2%로 높게 나타났다. 구상나무개체군의 직경급 분포 유형은 세석평전에서 역 J자형을 보이고 있어 안정적인 군락 유지가 가능할 것으로 추정되었다. 전체 조사구를 대상으로 한 비대생장값의 평균은 1.09mm/year 였으며, 주로 아교목상의 개체들이 수관층을 형성하고 있는 세석평전에서 가장 왕성한 생장을 나타내었다. 나이테 조사 결과, 벽소령과 반야봉1 조사구에서 구상나무의 평균 수령은 102년과 91년으로 추정되었으며, 활력은 2013년 이후 대체로 감소 추세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 "지리산국립공원 자원모니터링" 및 "국립공원 기후변화 생태계 모니터링" 사업의 자료를 정리한 내용입니다. 조사 참여와 관련 도움을 주신 권신영, 백경태, 안재기, 이우성, 이현구, 이화서, 장윤철, 장채수, 정재훈, 최건이, 최지한, 홍도영님 그리고 국립공원연구원과 지리산국립공원사무소의 관계자분들께 깊이 감사드립니다.

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