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Merging the cryptic genera Radicilingua and Calonitophyllum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta): molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision

  • Wolf, Marion A. (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice) ;
  • Sciuto, Katia (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice) ;
  • Maggs, Christine A. (Queen's University, Marine Laboratory) ;
  • Petrocelli, Antonella (Institute of Water Research (IRSA), CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti") ;
  • Cecere, Ester (Institute of Water Research (IRSA), CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti") ;
  • Buosi, Alessandro (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice) ;
  • Sfriso, Adriano (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice)
  • Received : 2021.02.18
  • Accepted : 2021.07.18
  • Published : 2021.09.15
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Abstract

Radicilingua Papenfuss and Calonitophyllum Aregood are two small genera of the family Delesseriaceae that consist of only three and one taxonomically accepted species, respectively. The type species of these genera, Radicilingua thysanorhizans from England and Calonitophyllum medium from the Americas, are morphologically very similar, with the only recognized differences being vein size and procarp development. To date, only other two species were recognized inside the genus Radicilingua: R. adriatica and R. reptans. In this study, we analysed specimens of Radicilingua collected in the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (Mediterranean), including a syntype locality of R. adriatica (Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea), alongside material from near the type locality of R. thysanorhizans (Torpoint, Cornwall, UK). The sequences of the rbcL-5P gene fragment here produced represent the first molecular data available for the genus Radicilingua. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the specimens from the Adriatic and Ionian Seas were genetically distinct from the Atlantic R. thysanorhizans, even if morphologically overlapping with this species. A detailed morphological description of the Mediterranean specimens, together with an accurate literature search, suggested that they were distinct also from R. adriatica and R. reptans. For these reasons, a new species was here described to encompass the Mediterranean specimens investigated in this study: R. mediterranea Wolf, Sciuto & Sfriso. Moreover, in the rbcL-5P tree, sequences of the genera Radicilingua and Calonitophyllum grouped in a well-supported clade, distinct from the other genera of the subfamily Nitophylloideae, leading us to propose that Calonitophyllum medium should be transferred to Radicilingua.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Funded by Provveditorato Interregionale Opere Pubbliche per il Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige e Friuli Venezia Giulia, through Consorzio Venezia Nuova and CORILA (Consortium for coordination of research activities concerning the Venice lagoon system)-Project "VENEZIA 2021." We acknowledge Giuseppe Portacci for his contribution to sampling and the anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions.

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