Journal of Information Technology Services (한국IT서비스학회지)

Korea Society of IT Services (한국IT서비스학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Cybersecurity Workforce: Focused on the Recent College Graduates

정보보호인력의 직무만족에 관한 연구 : 대졸 초기경력자를 중심으로

  • 이송하 (충북대학교 경영정보학과) ;
  • 전효정 (충북대학교 보안경제연구소) ;
  • 김태성 (충북대학교 경영정보학과/보안경제연구소)
  • Received : 2021.08.06
  • Accepted : 2021.08.29
  • Published : 2021.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Many organizations try to hire and retain a well-trained workforce to get their security level of IT assets and networks. However, most academic studies have focused on only how many workforces are needed to keep the secure function. We have to transit to other aspects of cybersecurity HRM studies because well-training workforces are not the problem of numbers but the quality. This study proves how the person-job fit and the work values impact job satisfaction of the cybersecurity workforce in early careers who graduated school recently and have a high turnover intention. The results of this study provide a lot of practical implications regarding job satisfaction of the cybersecurity workforce in an early career as follows. First, the major-job fit of the cybersecurity workforce doesn't influence job satisfaction, unlike other studies. Second, what graduates learned in college is little helpful in hands-on work, so retraining the cybersecurity workforce in an early career is very important. Third, the cybersecurity HRM plans have to center on realizing the self-realization of workforces to improve job satisfaction.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 충북대학교 국립대학육성사업(2020) 지원을 받아 작성되었음

References

  1. 강정현, 정대율, "IT 벤처기업의 종업원의 역할갈등이 직무몰입과 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국창업학회지, 제7권, 제2호, 2012, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2012.7.2.1
  2. 고용노동부, 한국고용직업분류 2018 설명자료, 2017.
  3. 고용조사 분석시스템, GOMS 조사개요, Retrieved Jul. 25, 2021, from https://survey.keis.or.kr/goms/goms01.jsp.
  4. 구성우, 김병주, "직무일치에 영향을 미치는 대학생의 특성 변인", 교육재정경제연구, 제24호, 제3권, 2015, 187-210.
  5. 김동우, 채승완, 류재철, "국내 정보보호 교육체계 연구", 정보보호학회논문지, 제23권, 제3호, 2013, 545-559. https://doi.org/10.13089/JKIISC.2013.23.3.545
  6. 김민정, 이해니, 송신정, 유진호, "국내 대학 및 대학원 정보보호 교육과정 분석 및 산업체 필요 지식과의 관련성 비교", 정보보호학회논문지, 제24권, 제1호, 2014, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.13089/JKIISC.2014.24.1.195
  7. 김태성, 전효정, "AHP를 이용한 정보보호인력 양성정책 분석", 한국통신학회논문지, 제3권, 제5B호, 2006, 486-493.
  8. 김홍균, 김보영 "교육-직업 사이의 수직적 불일치가 임금에 미치는 효과: 분위회귀분석(Quantile Regression) 중심으로", 재정학연구, 제6권, 제4호, 2013, 81-10.
  9. 워크넷, 한국직업사전, Retrieved May. 23, 2021, fro m https://www.work.go.kr/consltJobCarpa/srch/jobDic/jobDicSrchByJobmap.do?pageType=jobDicSrchByJobmap&choiceCode=1350&choiceLevel=4&subJobCode=1350.
  10. 문영만, "대기업과 중소기업 임금격차 및 결정요인", 노동경제논집, 제42권 제1호, 2019, 43-72.
  11. 문찬주, 한지혜, 정동욱, "4년제 대졸자의 교육-직무 불일치가 노동시장 성과 및 적응에 미치는 영향", 교육재정경제연구, 제28권, 제4호, 2019, 51-81.
  12. 박가열, 천영민, "대졸자 취업 영향요인 분석", 고용과 직업연구, 제3권, 제1호, 2009, 29-59.
  13. 소정은, 김태성, "IS 분야 연계전공의 교육만족도: 사례연구", Journal of Information Technology Applications & Management, 제26권, 제3호, 2019, 1-18.
  14. 우혜정, 김지영, 윤관식, 김우철, "대졸 청년의 취업 전 직업가치 중요도와 취업 후 직업가치 만족도가 직장만족도에 미치는 영향", 취업진로연구, 제8권, 제1호, 2018, 21-44.
  15. 임정연, 이영민, "중소기업 대졸 초기 경력자의 자발적 이직의도, 교육-직무 일치도, 일자리 특성의 관계에서 근무환경, 인간관계, 자기개발 가능성의 조절효과: 기업교육에 대한 시사점", 기업교육과 인재연구, 제15권, 제2호, 2013, 155-181.
  16. 정도범, "대졸 청년층의 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인: 정규직 여부에 따른 비교 및 분석", 노동정책연구, 제19권, 제3호, 2019, 93-127. https://doi.org/10.22914/JLP.2019.19.3.004
  17. 전효정, 김태성, 유진호, 지상호, "정보보호 분야 직무체계 개발", 정보보호학회논문지, 제19권, 제3호, 2009, 143-152. https://doi.org/10.13089/JKIISC.2009.19.3.143
  18. 조진현, 유진호, 임종인 "정보보호인력의 직무스트레스와 직무만족이 이직의도에 미치는 영향분석: 조직공정성의 조절효과", 한국전자거래학회지, 제24권, 제3호, 2019, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.7838/jsebs.2019.24.3.143
  19. 차성현, 주휘정, "교육 및 기술 불일치가 임금, 직무만족, 이직의도에 미치는 영향 분석", 교육재정경제연구, 제19권, 제3호, 2010, 177-215.
  20. 한국고용정보원, 대졸자직업이동경로조사 USER GUIDE(2007GOMS~2018GOMS), 2021.
  21. 한국인터넷진흥원, 2021 국가정보보호백서, 2021.
  22. 한국교육개발원, 2020 학과(전공) 분류 자료집, 2020.
  23. 황광훈, "첫 일자리 이탈 영향요인 분석", 노동경제논집, 제43권, 제2호, 2020, 41-74.
  24. Aziri, B., "Job satisfaction: A literature review", Management Research & Practice, Vol.3, No.4, 2011, 77-86.
  25. Bagozzi, R. P. and C. Fornell, "Theoretical concepts, measurements, and meaning", A Second Generation of Multivariate Analysis, Vol.2, No.2, 1982, 5-23.
  26. Beduwe, C. and J. F. Giret, "Mismatch of vocational graduates: What penalty on French labour market?", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.78, No.1, 2011, 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.003
  27. Chang, C. L. H., J. J. Jiang, G. Klein, and H. G. Chen, "Career anchors and disturbances in job turnover decisions: A case study of IT professionals in Taiwan", Information & Management, Vol.49, No.6, 2012, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2012.08.002
  28. Chin, W. W., "The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling", Modern Methods for Business Research, Vol.295, No.2, 1998, 295-336.
  29. Cloutier, O., L. Felusiak, C. Hill, and E. J. Pemberton-Jones, "The importance of developing strategies for employee retention", Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, Vol.12, No.2, 2015, 119-129.
  30. Cohen, J., Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, New York: Academic, 1988.
  31. Couger J. D., "What motivates DP professionals", Datamation, Vol.24, No.9, 1978, 116-123.
  32. Crumpler, W. and J. A. Lewis, The cybersecurity workforce gap, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 2019.
  33. Dubey, R. S. and V. Tiwari, "Operationalisation of soft skill attributes and determining the existing gap in novice ICT professionals", International Journal of Information Management, Vol.50, No. 4, 2020, 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.09.006
  34. Fornell, C. and D. F. Larcker, "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1981, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  35. Furnell, S., "The cybersecurity workforce and skills", Computers & Security, Vol. 108, 2021, Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.102080.
  36. Gefen, D., D. Straub, and M. C. Boudreau, "Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol.4, Article 7, 2000, 1-76.
  37. Gefen, D. and D. Straub, "A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and annotated example", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol.16, Article 5, 2005, 91-109.
  38. Government Accountability Office (GAO), Cybersecurity Workforce, Report to Congressional Committees, 2018.
  39. Graham, J. R. and S. M. Graham, Literature Review Exploring Job Mismatch and Income, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada(HRSDC), 2013.
  40. Hair, J. F., C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, "PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol.19, No.2, 2011, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
  41. Henseler, J. and M. Sarstedt, "Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling", Computational Statistics, Vol.28, No.2, 2013, 565-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-012-0317-1
  42. Herzberg, F., The Motivation to Work(2nd Ed.), New York: Wiley, 1959.
  43. ISC2, Cybersecurity Workforce Study, 2020.
  44. Ivy, J., S. B. Lee, D. Franz, and J. Crumpton, "Seeding cybersecurity workforce pathways with secondary education", Computer, Vol,52, No.3, 2019, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2018.2884671
  45. Joseph, D., K. Y. Ng, C. Koh, and S. Ang, "Turnover of information technology professionals: A narrative review, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, and model development", MIS Quarterly, Vol.31, No.3, 2017, 547-577. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148807
  46. Ju, B. and J. Li, "Exploring the impact of training, job tenure, and education-job and skills-job matches on employee turnover intention", European Journal of Training and Development, Vol.43, No.3/4, 2019, 214-231. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-05-2018-0045
  47. Judge, T. A., S. C. Zhang, and D. R. Glerum, Essentials of Job Attitudes and Other Workplace Psychological Constructs, Routledge, 2020.
  48. Kalleberg, A. L., "Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction", American Sociological Review, Vol.42, No.1, 1977, 124-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/2117735
  49. Lerouge, C., A. Nelson and J. E. Blanton, "The impact of role stress fit and self-esteem on the job attitudes of IT professionals", Information & Management, Vol.43, No.8, 2006, 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.08.011
  50. Locke, E. A., "What is job satisfaction?", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol.4, No.4, 1969, 309-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
  51. Locke, E. A., "The nature and causes of job satisfaction", In Dunnette, M. D. (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston, 1976, 1297-1343.
  52. Mak, B. L. and H. Sockel, "A confirmatory factor analysis of IS employee motivation and retention", Information & Management, Vol.38, No.5, 2001, 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00055-0
  53. McKnight, D. H., B. Phillips, and B. C. Hardgrave, "Which reduces IT turnover intention the most: Workplace characteristics or job characteristics?", Information & Management, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2009, 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2009.01.002
  54. National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS), Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity (NICE Framework), Retrieved Jul. 30, 2021, Available at https://niccs.cisa.gov/workforce-development/cyber-security-workforce-framework.
  55. Nunnally, J. C. and I. H. Bernstein, Psychometric Theory(3rd Ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
  56. Rutner, P. S., B. C. Hardgrave, and D. H. McKnight, "Emotional dissonance and the information technology professional", MIS Quarterly, Vol.32, No.3, 2008, 635-652. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148859
  57. Shahim, A., "Security of the digital transformati on", Computers & Security, Vol. 108, 2021, Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102345.
  58. Tracey, J. B. and T. R. Hinkin, "Contextual factors and cost profiles associated with employee turnover", Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, Vol.49, No.1, 2008, 12-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880407310191
  59. Vogel, R., "Closing the cybersecurity skills gap", Salus Journal, Vol.4, No.2, 2016, 32-46.
  60. Wold, H., "Models for knowledge", In Gani J. (Eds.), The Making of Statisticians. The Making of Statisticians, New York: Springer, 1982, 189-212.