Steel and Composite Structures

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Analyzing shear strength of steel-concrete composite beam with angle connectors at elevated temperature using finite element method

  • Received : 2020.07.30
  • Accepted : 2021.08.11
  • Published : 2021.09.25
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Abstract

Steel- concrete composite beams are widely used in the construction of tall building with steel floors. In these floors, the bearing capacity of beams in which the performance of concrete and steel is composite is more than 30% of the same beams with non-composite performance. Fire, especially in buildings, has a devastating effect on the components of the structure including the columns, beams, floors, etc. Also, fire indirectly affects the shear connectors buried in floor concrete and reduces their strength, thus reducing the overall strength of the floor. In this research, the behavior of angle shear connectors as a type of shear connectors used in the steel-concrete composite floor due to temperature increase was investigated numerically. Thermo-mechanical finite element modeling was performed using Abaqus software on push-out samples, and the results have been compared with the results obtained from the laboratory tests. Similar to the laboratory conditions, samples with different dimensions of angle shear connectors were modeled at different temperatures including 25, 550, 700 and 850 degrees Celsius. According to the laboratory process, 24 samples were modeled in Abaqus software thermally. The research results showed that the models made in the software were able to accurately predict the laboratory results including shear strength and slip. It was found that the maximum shear force error between analytical and laboratory results is 21.6% and the minimum shear force error in some samples is near to zero. As the temperature increases, the error rate between the laboratory and analytical results increases. Also, shear connector dimensions, concrete strength and temperature value have direct effect on the final strength of steel-concrete composite floors and load slip diagrams. It was also concluded that increasing the angle height to a certain extent could increase the final shear strength of the steel-concrete floor and increasing the angle height after a certain limit had no effect on increasing the shear strength and results in material loss and uneconomical design. Moreover, results indicated that increasing the temperature up to 850℃ leads to reducing the shear strength of the samples by approximately 56%.

Keywords

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  90. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283.: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.
  91. Shariati, M. (2008), Assessment of Building Using None-destructive Test Techniques (ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer), Universiti Putra Malaysia.
  92. Shariati, M. (2013), Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  93. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020a), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.
  94. Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "The effect of RBS cnnection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 393-407. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393.
  95. Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020c). "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(5), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587.
  96. Shariati, M., Lagzian, M., Maleki, S., Shariati, A. and Trung, N.T. (2020d), "Evaluation of seismic performance factors for tension-only braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.4.599.
  97. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020e), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. with Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.
  98. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A.(2020f), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.
  99. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M.,Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020g), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.
  100. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019a), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  101. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A. Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2021), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. with Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  102. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A. Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020h), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. with Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  103. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and PoiNgian, S. (2019b), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  104. Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G.,Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020i), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.
  105. Shariati, M., Ramli-Sulong, N.H., KH, M.M.A., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011a), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientific Res. Essays, 6(1), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.879.
  106. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, 21 - 23 July, 2010, Sydney, Australia.
  107. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N,H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Design, 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  108. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011b), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 world congress on advances in structural engineering and mechanics (ASEM'11+).
  109. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  110. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  111. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011c), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (Experimental and Analytical Study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  112. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Design, 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  113. Shariati, M., N Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, 1-4 July 2012, Hilton Hotel, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  114. Shariati, M. and Shariati, A. (2021), "Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithms with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict load-slip behavior of angle shear connectors at elevated temperatures", Compos. Struct., 114524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114524.
  115. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  116. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2020j), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886.
  117. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., KH, M.A. and Mahoutian, M. (2011d), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Sci. Res. Essays, 6(4), 977-983.
  118. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012f), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Design, 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  119. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C.,Shah, S., Jalali, A., Abdullahi, M.A.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.
  120. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020k), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.
  121. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM 2017.
  122. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019c), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.
  123. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.
  124. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Sci. Res. Essays, 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.
  125. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  126. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  127. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.
  128. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manufact., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.
  129. Trung, N.T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019a), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639.
  130. Uddina, M.A., Alzaraa, M.A., Mohammadb, N. and Yosria, A. (2020), "Convergence studies of finite element model for analysis of steel-concrete composite beam using a higher-order beam theory", Structures, 27, 2025-2033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.07.073.
  131. Utashev, N., Tufail, R.F., Wang, Z.Y., Wang, Q.Y. and Durdyev, S. (2021), "Anchorage of Perfobond Leiste shaped shear connector composite dowel with carbon fibre reinforced polymer", J. Build. Eng., 34(1), 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101711.
  132. Wang, A.J. (2011), "Numerical investigation into headed shear connectors under fire", J. Struct. Eng., 138(1), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000428
  133. Wang, Q., Yang, J., Liang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, Y. and Ren, Q. (2020), "Prediction of time-dependent behaviour of steel-recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) composite slabs via thermo-mechanical finite element modelling", J. Build. Eng., 29, 100-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101191.
  134. Wu, J. and Habibi, M. (2021), "Dynamic simulation of the ultra-fast-rotating sandwich cantilever disk via finite element and semi-numerical methods", Eng. with Comput., 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01396-6.
  135. Xiao, G., Song, K., He, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Y. and Dai, W. (2021), "Prediction and experimental research of abrasive belt grinding residual stress for titanium alloy based on analytical method", Int. J. Adv. Manufact. Technol., 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07272-3.
  136. Xie, Q., Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Khorami, M., Mohamad, E.T. and Bui, D.T. (2019), "An experimental study on the effect of CFRP on behavior of reinforce concrete beam column connections", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.433.
  137. Xu, D.S., Huang, M. and Zhou, Y. (2020a), "One-dimensional compression behavior of calcareous sand and marine clay mixtures", Int. J. Geomech., 20(9), 04020137. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001763.
  138. Xu, D., Liu, Q., Qin, Y. and Chen, B. (2020b), "Analytical approach for crack identification of glass fiber reinforced polymer-sea sand concrete composite structures based on strain dissipations", Struct. Health Monit., 1475921720974290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921720974290.
  139. Xu, J., Wu, Z., Chen, H., Shao, L., Zhou, X. and Wang, S. (2021). "Triaxial shear behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced loess based on digital image technology", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-2034-1.
  140. Yazdani, M., Kabirifar, K., Frimpong, B.E., Shariati, M., Mirmozaffari, M. and Boskabadi, A. (2020), "Improving construction and demolition waste collection service in an urban area using a simheuristic approach: A case study in Sydney, Australia", J. Cleaner Production, 280, 124138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124138.
  141. Zhang, C., Alam, Z., Sun, L., Su, Z. and Samali, B. (2019), "Fibre Bragg grating sensor-based damage response monitoring of an asymmetric reinforced concrete shear wall structure subjected to progressive seismic loads", Struct. Control Health Monit., 26(3), e2307. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2307.
  142. Zhang, W., Tang, Z.,Yang, Y., Wei, J. and Stanislav. P. (2021), "Mixed-mode debonding behavior between CFRP plates and concrete under fatigue loading", J. Struct. Eng., 147(5), 04021055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003032.
  143. Zhao, Y., Moradi, Z., Davoudi, M. and Zhuang, J. (2021), "Bending and stress responses of the hybrid axisymmetric system via state-space method and 3D-elasticity theory", Eng. with Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01242-1.
  144. Ziaei-Nia, A., Shariati, M. and Salehabadi, E. (2018). "Dynamic mix design optimization of high-performance concrete", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(1), 67-75. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.1.067.