The Korea Journal of Herbology (대한본초학회지)

The Korea Association of Herbology (대한본초학회)
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Review on the mechanism for the reduction of raphide-induced toxicity via processing of Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma

포제(炮製)에 의한 반하(半夏)와 천남성(天南星)의 침상결정 유발 독성 감소 기전 고찰

  • Kim, Jung-Hoon (Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Guemsan (Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang Univ.) ;
  • Choi, Goya (Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Young-Sik (Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Seungho (Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Hongjun (Department of Formula Science, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk Univ.)
  • 김정훈 (부산대학교 한의학전문대학원 약물의학교실) ;
  • 이금산 (원광대학교 한국전통의학연구소) ;
  • 최고야 (한국한의학연구원 한약자원연구센터) ;
  • 김영식 (우석대학교 한의과대학 본초학교실) ;
  • 이승호 (우석대학교 한의과대학 병리학교실) ;
  • 김홍준 (우석대학교 한의과대학 방제학교실)
  • Received : 2021.07.21
  • Accepted : 2021.09.25
  • Published : 2021.09.30
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Abstract

Objectives : The processing of Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma is a crucial step to reduce the severe acrid irritation mainly due to the needle-like crystals (raphides). Ginger, alum and bile juice have been used as adjuvant materials for the processing. Methods : Bibliographic research on ancient processing and experimental processing was performed to investigate the toxicity reduction mechanisms of the processing with ginger, alum and bile juice. Results : Ginger has been a major adjuvant for the processing of Pinelliae Tuber, followed by alum and bile juice since Song (宋) and Myeong (明) dynasties, and Arisaematis Rhizoma has been mainly used as Damnamseong (膽南星). The raphides consisting of calcium oxalate, lectin, agglutinin and polysaccharides can induce acrid irritation and the inflammatory reactions. The lipophilic components in the ginger denatured the structure of raphides and 6-gingerol-contained ginger extract attenuated the inflammatory reaction. The calcium ion (Ca2+) of calcium oxalate was substituted to the aluminium ion (Al3+) of the alum, which damaged the calcium oxalate structure. Lectin attached to the surface of raphides was dissolved in alum solution and consequently its structure was denatured. The cholate in the bile juice formed the complex with the oxalate anion or the calcium cation. Moreover, the enzymes activated by Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium during the fermentation promoted the fragmentation of oxalate. Conclusion : The adjuvant materials damaged the raphides by denaturing or degrading the calcium oxalate, resulting in the reduction of acrid irritation. Further experimental studies would support the toxicity reduction mechanism of the processing.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

운곡(耘谷) 주영승(朱榮丞) 교수님의 영예로운 은퇴를 축하드립니다. 더불어 그동안 미욱한 제자들을 너그러이 지도해주심에 깊이 감사드립니다. 앞으로도 저희 제자들은 교수님의 뜻을 받들어 연구와 교육에 매진하겠습니다.

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