Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Hepatic and renal damage by alcohol and cigarette smoking in rats

  • Bandiera, Solange (Programa de pos-graduacao em Farmacologia e Terapeutica, Department of Pharmacology-ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)) ;
  • Pulcinelli, Rianne R. (Programa de pos-graduacao em Farmacologia e Terapeutica, Department of Pharmacology-ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)) ;
  • Huf, Fernanda (Programa de Pos-graduacao em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude (UFCSPA)) ;
  • Almeida, Felipe B. (Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)) ;
  • Halmenschlager, Graziele (Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)) ;
  • Bitencourt, Paula E.R. (Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)) ;
  • Dallegrave, Eliane (Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)) ;
  • Fernandes, Marilda C. (Programa de Pos-graduacao em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude (UFCSPA)) ;
  • Gomez, Rosane (Programa de pos-graduacao em Farmacologia e Terapeutica, Department of Pharmacology-ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)) ;
  • Nin, Mauricio S. (Programa de pos-graduacao em Farmacologia e Terapeutica, Department of Pharmacology-ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS))
  • Received : 2020.03.15
  • Accepted : 2020.07.23
  • Published : 2021.04.15
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Abstract

Chronic use of alcohol and tobacco cigarettes is associated to millions of deaths per year, either by direct or indirect causes. However, few studies have explored the additional risks of the combined use of these drugs. Here we assessed the effect of the combined use of alcohol and cigarette smoke on liver or kidney morphology, and on biochemical parameters in chronically treated rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to receive 2 g/kg alcohol orally, which was followed by the inhalation of smoke from six cigarettes during 2 h (ALTB group) for 28 days. Other groups received alcohol alone (AL) or were exposed to cigarette smoke (TB) alone and were compared to control (CT) rats, which received water followed by ambient air. On day 29, rats were euthanized and blood samples were collected for aminotransferase enzymes (AST and ALT), creatinine, and urea analysis. Liver and kidney were weighted, dissected, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis. Our results showed that necrosis was elevated in the AL, TB, and mainly the ALTB group in both liver and kidney of rats. Serum levels of AST and ALT were reduced by cigarette smoke exposure, independently of alcohol use. Serum creatinine levels increased after tobacco smoke exposure. On the other hand, TB and AL groups decreased serum urea levels, and their association restored that decrease. Absolute liver and kidney weights were lower in the cigarette smoke exposure rats. Lastly, body weight gain was lower in TB group and combined use restored it. Thus, we may infer that the use of alcohol, exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke or, mainly, their association promotes liver and kidney injuries, and this damage is related with biochemical changes in rats.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), and the Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa UFRGS.

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