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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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The therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived exosomes as an alternative to adoptive cell transfer

  • Hong, Yeonsun (Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)) ;
  • Kim, In-San (Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
  • Received : 2021.05.24
  • Accepted : 2021.08.05
  • Published : 2022.01.31
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Abstract

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a form of cell-based immunotherapy that eliminates cancer by restoring and strengthening the body's immune system, has revolutionized cancer treatment. ACT entails intravenous transfer of either tumor-resident or peripheral blood-modified immune cells into cancer patients to mediate anti-tumor response. Although these immune cells control and eradicate cancer via enhanced cytotoxicity against specific tumor antigens, several side effects have been frequently reported in clinical trials. Recently, exosomes, potential cell-free therapeutics, have emerged as an alternative to cell-based immunotherapies, due to their higher stability under same storage condition, lower risk of GvHD and CRS, and higher resistance to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, which are nano-sized lipid vesicles, are secreted by living cells, including immune cells. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and the functional role of each exosome is determined by the specific cargo derived from parental cells. Exosomes derived from cytotoxic effectors including T cells and NK cells exert anti-tumor effects via proteins such as granzyme B and FasL. In this mini-review, we describe the current understanding of the ACT and immune cell-derived exosomes and discuss the limitations of ACT and the opportunities for immune cell-derived exosomes as immune therapies.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean government (2017R1A3B1023418), KU- KIST Graduate School of Convertging Science and Technology Program, and KIST Institutional Program.

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