Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회지)

Korean Association of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회)
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Toxicity Assessment of Photorhabdus temperata Isolated from Heterorhabditis megidis Gwangju Strain (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in Fish and Rat

Heterorhabditis megidis Gwangju Strain (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae)으로부터 분리한 Photorhabdus temperata의 어류 및 쥐 독성평가

  • Park, Sun-Han (School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Chung, Nam-Jun (Nambo Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Choo, Young-Moo (Jinju Bioindustry Foundation) ;
  • Kim, Young-Joon (School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Ho (School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.01.18
  • Accepted : 2022.02.10
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

Photorhabdus is a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis in the family Heterorhabditidae. Photorhabdus is known to have nematicidal activity in addition to insecticidal activity. P. temperata isolated from Korean indigenous H. megidis Gwangju strain also produced high control efficacy against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. P. temperata has drawn interest as a potential bionematicide for the control of root-knot nematodes thereby. For the registration as an organic agricultural material, the toxicity of P. temperata was assessed by the acute toxicity test in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and acute oral and dermal toxicity tests in Sprague-Dawley rat (Rattus norvegicus) in compliance with the guidelines of the Rural Development Administration (RDA). In the acute toxicity test in fish, neither lethality nor abnormal responses of carp were observed. Body length and weight of carp and changes in DO concentrations and pH values were not significantly different between the treated group and the untreated control. In the acute oral and dermal toxicity tests, clinical signs, abnormal behavior, mortality, and pathological findings were not observed in all the experimental rats. The weight increment of all rats was normal. Acute toxicity results of P. temperata in fish and rats belonged to categories III, IV, and IV of RDA, respectively. Toxicity results of the present study indicated that P. temperata could be a safe and promising bionematicide against root-knot nematodes and root lesion nematode.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Korea, under the "Development of Industrialization Technology for Crop Viruses and Disease Pests" (Ref. No. 120081-05) supervised by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry. We want to thank Dr. Hoyul Choo, emeritus professor of Gyeongsang National University, for his comments on the initial draft of the manuscript.

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