DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influencing Factors for Sleep Quality among Firefighters: Based on Objective and Subjective Evaluation

  • Jeon, Yeseul (College of Nursing, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Heeseung (College of Nursing.The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2022.04.22
  • Accepted : 2022.10.31
  • Published : 2022.12.31

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess insomnia and the quality of sleep, investigate the concordance between objective and self-report sleep patterns, and identify physiological, psychological, and situational factors influencing insomnia and sleep quality among firefighters. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 firefighters in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: Insomnia was found in 66 (64.1 %) of the total subjects, and the average quality of sleep (PSQI) was 5.65 (SD=2.57). Total sleep time (401.00 minutes) and sleep latency (21.60 minutes) measured using self-reported scales were longer than the ones measured using objective measurements by approximately 48.70 and 17.10 minutes, respectively. Factors related to insomnia included the role as a paramedic (OR=4.28, 95% CI: 1.02~17.92), anxiety (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.01~1.24), and sedentary lifestyle (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.78~0.94), and factors related to sleep quality were physical illness status (OR=5.17, 95% CI: 1.53~17.51) and social support (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78~0.95). Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of insomnia, poor quality of sleep and the discrepancy between objective and subjective sleep patterns among firefighters. To promote sleep quality and health, early screening and treatment of anxiety and physical illness are required. It is necessary to conduct further studies examining the relationship between physical activity level and sleep.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the BK21 four project (Center for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).

References

  1. Wagner SL, White N, Randall C, Regehr C, White M, Alden LE, et al. Mental disorders in firefighters following large-scale disaster. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2021;15(4):504-517. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.61
  2. Barger LK, Rajaratnam SMW, Wang W, O'Brien CS, Sullivan JP, Qadri S, et al. Common sleep disorders increase risk of motor vehicle crashes and adverse health outcomes in firefighters. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2015;11(3):233-240. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4534
  3. LIM JH, KIM SY. editors. A Study on the Analysis of Mental Health Questionnaire for Firefighters. Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Spring Conference; 2018 Apr 26-27; Daegu, Korea. Seoul: KIFSE Press; c2018.
  4. Park H, Kim JI, Min B, Oh S, Kim JH. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in Korean firefighters: A nationwide study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):428. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2388-9
  5. Lim DK, Baek KO, Chung IS, Lee MY. Factors related to sleep disorders among male firefighters. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2014;26(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-11
  6. Park SG. A study on shiftwork firefighters' sleep [master's thesis]. [Gangwon-do]: Gangwon National University; 2015. 47
  7. Choi JH, Kim KH, Cho YC. The Quality of Sleep and Its Relating Factors in Firefighting Officers. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2018;19(5):451-458. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2018.19.5.451
  8. Carey MG, Al-Zaiti SS, Dean GE, Sessanna L, Finnell DS. Sleep problems, depression, substance use, social bonding, and quality of life in professional firefighters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;53(8):928-933. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318225898f
  9. Jeong KS, Ahn YS, Jang TW, Lim G, Kim HD, Cho SW, et al. Sleep assessment during shift work in Korean firefighters: A cross-sectional study. Safety and Health at Work. 2019;10(3): 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.05.003
  10. Yoon MS, Kim SH. Mediating effects of depression and social support between the relationship job stress and quality of life among firefighters. Mental Health & Social Work. 2014;42(2): 5-34.
  11. Vincent GE, Aisbett B, Wolkow A, Jay SM, Ridgers ND, Ferguson SA. Sleep in wildland firefighters: What do we know and why does it matter? International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2018;27(2):73-84. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF17109
  12. Yun SW, Oh KA, Yun H, Park J. Relationship between job stress and quality of sleep among 119 rescue workers. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2013;14 (6):2926-2934. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2013.14.6.2926
  13. Lenz ER, Suppe F, Gift AG, Pugh LC, Milligan RA. Collaborative development of middle-range nursing theories: Toward a theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science. 1995;17(3):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-199503000-00003
  14. Means MK, Edinger JD, Glenn DM, Fins AI. Accuracy of sleep perceptions among insomnia sufferers and normal sleepers. Sleep Medicine. 2003;4(4):285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00057-1
  15. Kim HH, Bea KY, Kim SW, Kim JM, Shin IS, Kim SY, et al. Mismatch between subjective perception and objective findings on sleep time in insomnia patients. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry. 2012;18(2):256-263.
  16. Marino M, Li Y, Rueschman MN, Winkelman JW, Ellenbogen JM, Solet JM, et al. Measuring sleep: Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography. Sleep. 2013;36(11):1747-1755. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3142
  17. Vincent GE, Ridgers ND, Ferguson SA, Aisbett B. Associations between firefighters' physical activity across multiple shifts of wildfire suppression. Ergonomics. 2016;59(7):924-931. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1107626
  18. Vincent G, Ferguson SA, Tran J, Larsen B, Wolkow A, Aisbett B. Sleep restriction during simulated wildfire suppression: Effect on physical task performance. PLoS One. 2015;10(1): e0115329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115329
  19. Jeklin AT, Davies HW, Bredin SS, Hives BA, Meanwell LE, Perrotta AS, et al. Fatigue and sleep patterns among Canadian wildland firefighters during a 17-day fire line deployment. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2020;17 (7-8):364-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1759809
  20. Statistic Korea. Status of disaster and damage [Internet]. Jinju: Statistic Korea; 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 29]. Available from: http://kostat.go.kr
  21. Rowe M, McCrae C, Campbell J, Horne C, Tiegs T, Lehman B, et al. Actigraphy in older adults: Comparison of means and variability of three different aggregates of measurement. Behavioral Sleep Medicine. 2008;6(2):127-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402000801952872
  22. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 1989;28(2): 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
  23. Cho YW, Lee H, Lee JH, Han SY, Lee MY. Sleep disorders in maintenance dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. Journal of the Korean Neurological Association. 2003;21(5): 8-497.
  24. Cella D, Yount S, Rothrock N, Gershon R, Cook K, Reeve B, et al. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Medical Care. 2007;45(5 Suppl 1):S3-S11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55
  25. Choi H, Ko H, Kim C. Development of Korean version of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) mental health measures for adults. Poster session presented at: Globalization and Research in Doctoral Nursing Education 20th East Asian Forum of Nursing Scholars; 2017 Mar 9-10; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU). Hong Kong.
  26. Chang SJ, Kho SB, Kang DM, Kim SA, Kang MG, Lee CG, et al. Developing an occupational stress scale for Korean employees. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2005;17 (4):297-317. https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297
  27. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1988;52(1):30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
  28. Seo IK, Ko MS. Effects of the Elderly's abuse experiences on their suicidal ideation & mediation effects of stress, depression and social supports. Health and Social Welfare Review. 2011; 31(1):127-157. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2011.31.1.127
  29. Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ. Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?. Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):838-845. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0
  30. Kim HK. Study on the emergency dispatch factor [master's thesis]. [Suwon]: Kyonggi University; 2018. 57 p.