Journal of Sensor Science and Technology (센서학회지)

The Korean Sensors Society (한국센서학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Skin-interfaced Wearable Biosensors: A Mini-Review

  • Kim, Taehwan (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Park, Inkyu (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
  • Received : 2022.03.17
  • Accepted : 2022.03.31
  • Published : 2022.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Wearable devices have the potential to revolutionize future medical diagnostics and personal healthcare. The integration of biosensors into scalable form factors allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of key biomarkers and various physiological indicators. However, conventional wearable devices have critical limitations owing to their rigid and obtrusive interfaces. Recent developments in functional biocompatible materials, micro/nanofabrication methods, multimodal sensor mechanisms, and device integration technologies have provided the foundation for novel skin-interfaced bioelectronics for advanced and user-friendly wearable devices. Nonetheless, it is a great challenge to satisfy a wide range of design parameters in fabricating an authentic skin-interfaced device while maintaining its edge over conventional devices. This review highlights recent advances in skin-compatible materials, biosensor performance, and energy-harvesting methods that shed light on the future of wearable devices for digital health and personalized medicine.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C3008742).

References

  1. D. V. Gunasekeran, R. M. W. W. Tseng, and Y. C. Tham, "Applications of digital health for public health responses to COVID-19: a systematic scoping review of artificial intelligence, telehealth and related technologies," npj Digit. Med., Vol. 4, No. 1, 2021.
  2. H. Lukas, C. Xu, and W. Gao, "Emerging telemedicine tools for remote covid-19 diagnosis, monitoring, and management," ACS Nano, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 16180-16193, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c08494
  3. R. M. Torrente-Rodriguez, H. Lukas, and W. Gao, "SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring," Matter, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 1981-1998, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027
  4. H. R. Lim, H. S. Kim, and W. H. Yeo, "Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment," Adv. Mater., Vol. 32, No. 15, pp. 1-43, 2020.
  5. J. C. Yang, Z. Bao, and S. Park, "Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics," Adv. Mater., Vol. 31, No. 48, pp. 1-50, 2019.
  6. C. Xu, Y. Yang, and W. Gao, "Skin-Interfaced Sensors in Digital Medicine: from Materials to Applications," Matter, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 1414-1445, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.03.020
  7. T. R. Ray, J. Choi, and J. A. Rogers, "Bio-integrated wearable systems: A comprehensive review," Chem. Rev., Vol. 119, No. 8, pp. 5461-5533, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573
  8. M. Amjadi, K. U. Kyung, and I. Park, "Stretchable, Skin-Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 1678-1698, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201504755
  9. H. Souri, M. Amjadi, and I. Park, "Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications," Adv. Intell. Syst., Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 2000039, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000039
  10. D. Mukasa, H. Zhang, and W. Gao, "Self-Powered Wearable Biosensors," Accounts Mater. Res., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 184-197, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00002
  11. Y. Lin, M. Bariya, and A. Javey, "Wearable Biosensors for Body Computing," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 31, No. 39, pp. 1-21, 2021.
  12. Y. Wang, C. Zhu, and Z. Bao, "A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer," Sci. Adv., Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1-11, 2017.
  13. J. Y. Oh, J. B. Tok, and Z. Bao, "Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors," Nature, Vol. 539, No. 7629, pp. 411-415, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20102
  14. M. Jose, R. Thoelen, and W. Deferme, "Printed pH Sensors for Textile-Based Wearables: A Conceptual and Experimental Study on Materials, Deposition Technology, and Sensing Principles," Adv. Eng. Mater., Vol. 2101087, pp. 1-15, 2021.
  15. Q. Yang, Z. Hu, and J. A. Rogers, "Functional Hydrogel Interface Materials for Advanced Bioelectronic Devices," Accounts Mater. Res., Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 1010-1023, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00142
  16. K. Kim, Y. S. Oh, and I. Park, "Highly Sensitive and Wearable Liquid Metal-Based Pressure Sensor for Health Monitoring Applications: Integration of a 3D-Printed Microbump Array with the Microchannel," Adv. Healthc. Mater., Vol. 8, No. 22, pp. 1-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20190801.11
  17. K. Kim, J. Ahn, and I. Park, "All-soft multiaxial force sensor based on liquid metal for electronic skin," Micro Nano Syst. Lett., Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021.
  18. O. Gul, K. Kim, and I. Park, "Sensitivity-Controllable Liquid-Metal-Based Pressure Sensor for Wearable Applications," ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 4027-4036, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00546
  19. D. Y. Choi, H. W. Lee, and H. M. Lee, "Highly stretchable, hysteresis-free ionic liquid-based strain sensor for precise human motion monitoring," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 1770-1780, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12415
  20. S. Kim, Y. S. Oh, and I. Park, "Wearable, Ultrawide-Range, and Bending-Insensitive Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotube Network-Coated Porous Elastomer Sponges for Human Interface and Healthcare Devices," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 11, No. 26, pp. 23639-23648, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07636
  21. Y. S. Oh, I. Park, and J. A. Rogers, "Battery-free, wireless soft sensors for continuous multi-site measurements of pressure and temperature from patients at risk for pressure injuries," Nat. Commun., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-16, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20314-w
  22. J. Choi, Y. S. Oh, and I. Park, "Synergetic Effect of Porous Elastomer and Percolation of Carbon Nanotube Filler toward High Performance Capacitive Pressure Sensors," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1698-1706, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b20097
  23. S. R. A. Ruth, L. Beker, and Z. Bao, "Rational Design of Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Pyramidal Microstructures for Specialized Monitoring of Biosignals," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 30, No. 29, pp. 1-12, 2020.
  24. S. R. A. Ruth, V. R. Feig, and Z. Bao, "Microengineering Pressure Sensor Active Layers for Improved Performance," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 30, No. 39, pp. 1-31, 2020.
  25. P. Escobedo, M. Bhattacharjee, and R. Dahiya, "Smart Bandage with Wireless Strain and Temperature Sensors and Batteryless NFC Tag," IEEE Internet Things J., Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 5093-5100, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3048282
  26. R. C. Webb, A. P. Bonifas, and J. A. Rogers, "Ultrathin conformal devices for precise and continuous thermal characterization of human skin," Nat. Mater., Vol. 12, No. 10, pp. 938-944, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3755
  27. Q. Li, L. N. Zhang, and X. Ding, "Review of Flexible Temperature Sensing Networks for Wearable Physiological Monitoring," Adv. Healthc. Mater., Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 1-23, 2017.
  28. S. Imani, J. Wang, and P. P. Mercier, "A wearable chemical-electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring," Nat. Commun., Vol. 7, pp. 1-7, 2016.
  29. S. P. Lee, J. A. Rogers, and R. Ghaffari, "Highly flexible, wearable, and disposable cardiac biosensors for remote and ambulatory monitoring," npj Digit. Med., Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018.
  30. A. J. Casson, "Wearable EEG and beyond," Biomed. Eng. Lett., Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 53-71, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-018-00093-6
  31. Y. Yu, W. Gao, and A. Javey, "Flexible Electrochemical Bioelectronics: The Rise of In Situ Bioanalysis," Adv. Mater., Vol. 32, No. 15, pp. 1-25, 2020.
  32. H. Y. Y. Nyein, N. Davis, and A. Javey, "A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest," Nat. Commun., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-13, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20314-w
  33. J. Zhao, H. Y. Y. Nyein, and A. Javey, "A Wearable Nutrition Tracker," Adv. Mater., Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2021.
  34. E. S. Sani, C. Wang, and W. Gao, "A soft bioaffinity sensor array for chronic wound monitoring," Matter, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 2613-2615, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.06.018
  35. H. Lee, C. Song, and D. H. Kim, "Wearable/disposable sweat-based glucose monitoring device with multistage transdermal drug delivery module," Sci. Adv., Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1-9, 2017.
  36. H. Zhang and J. A. Rogers, "Recent Advances in Flexible Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes: From Materials Design to Integrated Optoelectronic Platforms," Adv. Opt. Mater., Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 1-27, 2019.
  37. S. Cai, X. Xu, and X. Fang, "Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors," Adv. Mater., Vol. 31, No. 18, pp. 1-15, 2019.
  38. J. Kim, P. Gutruf, and J. A. Rogers, "Miniaturized Battery-Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2017.
  39. J. Gu, D. Kwon, and I. Park, "Wearable Strain Sensors Using Light Transmittance Change of Carbon Nanotube-Embedded Elastomers with Microcracks," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 12, No. 9, pp. 10908-10917, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18069
  40. J. Choi, D. Kwon, and I. Park, "Wearable self-powered pressure sensor by integration of piezo-transmittance microporous elastomer with organic solar cell," Nano Energy, Vol. 74, 104749, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104749
  41. J. Gu, J. Ahn, and I. Park, "Self-powered strain sensor based on the piezo-transmittance of a mechanical metamaterial," Nano Energy, Vol. 89, 106447, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106447
  42. L. Guo, K. Wan, and G. Wei, "Recent advance in the fabrication of carbon nanofiber-based composite materials for wearable devices," Nanotechnology, Vol. 32, No. 44, 2021.
  43. Z. Chen, Y. Cui, and Z. Bao, "A three-dimensionally interconnected carbon nanotube-conducting polymer hydrogel network for high-performance flexible battery electrodes," Adv. Energy Mater., Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 1-10, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814513289_0001
  44. F. R. Fan, W. Tang, and Z. L. Wang, "Flexible Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Electronics," Adv. Mater., Vol. 28, No. 22, pp. 4283-4305, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504299
  45. W. He, X. Fu, and R. Ma, "Recent progress of flexible/wearable self-charging power units based on triboelectric nanogenerators," Nano Energy, Vol. 84, 105880, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105880
  46. W. Xu, L. B. Huang, and J. Hao, "Environmentally Friendly Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Versatile Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensors," Adv. Energy Mater., Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2017.
  47. X. Cao, Y. Xiong, and Z. L. Wang, "Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Derived Self-Powered Sensors for Multifunctional Applications and Artificial Intelligence," Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 31, No. 33, pp. 1-31, 2021.
  48. K. Shen, H. Xu, and J. Wu, "Flexible and Self-Powered Photodetector Arrays Based on All-Inorganic CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots," Adv. Mater., Vol. 32, No. 22, 2020.