융합정보논문지 (Journal of Convergence for Information Technology)

중소기업융합학회 (Convergence Society for SMB)
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자동화가 고용, 생산성, 수익성에 미치는 영향 : 2005년부터 2015년 사이의 한국기업을 중심으로

A Role of Automation in the Triggering of Employment, Productivity, and Profitability among Korean Companies from 2005 to 2015

  • Son, Jungmin (School of Business, Chungnam National University)
  • 투고 : 2022.03.07
  • 심사 : 2022.04.20
  • 발행 : 2022.04.28
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초록

자동화 기술은 노동력을 대체하여 인건비를 감소시키고, 생산성 및 수익성을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이라는 일련의 연구가 있다. 반면 자동화가 새로운 노동 수요를 창출할 가능성이 있으며, 장기적으로는 일자리가 감소하지 않았다는 연구도 있다. 이 연구는 자동화가 한국의 기업에서 단기 및 장기적으로 고용, 생상선, 수익성에 어떠한 효과가 있는지에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 한국의 342개 기업에 대한 노동연구원의 2005년부터 2015년 사이의 사업체패널데이터를 분석하였다. 분석에는 패널데이터를 분석하기 위한 고정효과 모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과, 기업당 자동화 수준의 증가는 (1) 단기 및 장기적으로 고용을 감소시켰으며, (2) 단기 및 중기에 걸쳐 생산성을 감소시켰고, 결과적으로 (3) 생산성 향상의 효과는 누리지 못하였다고 할 수 있다.

This study examined the dynamic role that automation has had upon employment, productivity, and profitability. For the analysis, 342 companies of the Workplace Panel Survey of the Korea Labor Institute conducted from 2005 to 2015 was used. For analytical models, the fixed effect model, which is capable of controlling the endogeneity problems of variables, was used. According to the analysis results, the increased ratio of automation in Korean companies (1) resulted in the increase of turnover in the short and long terms, a temporary decrease in employment, and (2) a decrease of productivity in the short and medium terms, and thereby (3) failing to change profitability in a positive manner.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A5A8027813).

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