Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Compound K ameliorates airway inflammation and mucus secretion through the regulation of PKC signaling in vitro and in vivo

  • Lee, Jae-Won (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Kim, Mun-Ock (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Song, Yu Na (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Min, Jae-Hong (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Man (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Kang, Myung-Ji (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Oh, Eun Sol (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Lee, Ro Woon (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Jung, Sunin (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Ro, Hyunju (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Kyoung (Rpbio Research Institute, Rpbio Co. Ltd) ;
  • Ryu, Hyung Won (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB) ;
  • Lee, Dae Young (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Su Ui (Natural Medicine Research Center, KRIBB)
  • Received : 2021.05.09
  • Accepted : 2021.12.21
  • Published : 2022.05.01
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Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the KRIBB Research Initiative Program funded by the Ministry of Science ICT (MSIT, NO.1711134086) and the "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development" (Project No. PJ01601602), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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